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\"蹇叔哭师，言军事之要，可谓军事家的智慧。\"","明·归有光《世宗实录》：\"此左氏议论之精者，言军事之要，可为后世法。\"",[206,207,208],"这篇文章是《左传》中著名的军事文章之一，体现了蹇叔的军事智慧和战略眼光。文章结构严谨，层次分明，通过蹇叔的劝阻和预言，展现了春秋时期军事家的远见卓识。","文章的语言简洁有力，特别是蹇叔的劝阻，逻辑严密，说理透彻。他的军事预见不仅在当时具有重要的军事价值，也成为后世军事学的重要思想。","文章的主旨深刻，通过蹇叔哭师这一具体事件，揭示了军事指挥的重要性和战略思维的价值。",[210,211,212,213],"**结构严谨**：文章按照事件发展的顺序，从劝阻到出兵，层次分明，逻辑清晰。","**语言简洁**：全文语言精练，特别是蹇叔的劝阻，言简意赅，具有很强的说服力。","**人物形象鲜明**：蹇叔的智慧、远见，秦穆公的固执、冲动，都通过简洁的语言得到了很好的体现。","**军事思想深刻**：文章不仅记录了历史事件，更重要的是体现了深刻的军事思想。",[215],"左丘明（约前502一前422），春秋末期史学家。左丘明曾任鲁国史官，孔子编订六经，左丘明为解析六经之一《春秋》而著《左传》，亦著《国语》。《左传》《国语》两书记录不少西周、春秋的重要史事，史料翔实，文笔生动，具有很高的史学价值。左丘明是中国传统史学的创始人，被史学界推为中国史学的开山鼻祖，被誉为\"百家文字之宗，万世古文之祖\"\"文宗史圣\"\"经臣史祖\"，孔子、司马迁均尊左丘明为\"君子\"。","蹇叔哭师 左丘明 卷一·周文一 冬，晋文公卒¹。庚辰²，将殡于曲沃³。出绛⁴，柩有声如牛⁵。卜偃使大夫拜⁶，曰：\"君命大事将有西师过轶我⁷，击之，必大捷焉⁸。\" 杞子自郑使告于秦曰⁹：\"郑人使我掌其北门之管¹⁰，若潜师以来¹¹，国可得也¹²。\"穆公访诸蹇叔¹³。蹇叔曰：\"劳师以袭远¹⁴，非所闻也¹⁵。师劳力竭¹⁶，远主备之¹⁷，无乃不可乎¹⁸？师之所为¹⁹，郑必知之²⁰。勤而无所²¹，必有悖心²²。且行千里²³，其谁不知²⁴？\"公辞焉²⁵。召孟明、西乞、白乙使出师于东门之外²⁶。蹇叔哭之曰²⁷：\"孟子²⁸！吾见师之出而不见其入也²⁹。\"公使谓之曰³⁰：\"尔何知³¹！中寿³²，尔墓之木拱³³矣！\" 蹇叔之子与师³⁴，哭而送之³⁵，曰：\"晋人御师必于崤³⁶，有二陵焉³⁷。其南陵³⁸，夏后皋之墓也³⁹；其北陵⁴⁰，文王之所辟风雨也⁴¹，必死是间⁴²，余收尔骨焉⁴³。\"秦师遂东⁴⁴。 冬天，晋文公去世。庚辰日，将要停柩在曲沃。离开绛都，棺材发出像牛叫的声音。卜偃让大夫拜祭，说：\"国君命令重要的事，将有西面的军队经过我们，攻击他们，必定大胜。\" 杞子从郑国派人向秦国报告说：\"郑国人让我掌管他们北门的钥匙，如果秘密派兵来，国家可以得到。\"秦穆公向蹇叔询问这件事。蹇叔说：\"使军队疲劳来袭击远地，不是我所听说的。军队疲劳力量竭尽，远方的君主防备他们，恐怕不可以吧？军队所做的事，郑国必定知道。勤劳却没有所得，必定有背叛之心。而且行走千里，难道谁不知道？\"秦穆公拒绝了他。召见孟明、西乞、白乙，让他们在东门外面出兵。蹇叔哭着说：\"孟子！我看见军队出去却看不见它回来。\"秦穆公派人对他说：\"你知道什么！中等寿命，你坟墓的树木已经合抱了！\" 蹇叔的儿子跟随军队，哭着送别他，说：\"晋国人抵御军队必定在崤山，有两座山陵在那里。其中南面的山陵，是夏后皋的坟墓；其中北面的山陵，是周文王所躲避风雨的地方，必定死在这里，我收集你的尸骨在那里。\"秦军于是向东进发。","2026-11-08T00:28:59.383Z","蹇叔哭師",[220,221,222],"冬，晉文公卒¹。庚辰²，將殯於曲沃³。出絳⁴，柩有聲如牛⁵。卜偃使大夫拜⁶，曰：\"君命大事將有西師過軼我⁷，擊之，必大捷焉⁸。\"","杞子自鄭使告於秦曰⁹：\"鄭人使我掌其北門之管¹⁰，若潛師以來¹¹，國可得也¹²。\"穆公訪諸蹇叔¹³。蹇叔曰：\"勞師以襲遠¹⁴，非所聞也¹⁵。師勞力竭¹⁶，遠主備之¹⁷，無乃不可乎¹⁸？師之所爲¹⁹，鄭必知之²⁰。勤而無所²¹，必有悖心²²。且行千里²³，其誰不知²⁴？\"公辭焉²⁵。召孟明、西乞、白乙使出師於東門之外²⁶。蹇叔哭之曰²⁷：\"孟子²⁸！吾見師之出而不見其入也²⁹。\"公使謂之曰³⁰：\"爾何知³¹！中壽³²，爾墓之木拱³³矣！\"","蹇叔之子與師³⁴，哭而送之³⁵，曰：\"晉人御師必於崤³⁶，有二陵焉³⁷。其南陵³⁸，夏後皋之墓也³⁹；其北陵⁴⁰，文王之所闢風雨也⁴¹，必死是間⁴²，餘收爾骨焉⁴³。\"秦師遂東⁴⁴。",[224,225,226],"dōng ， jìn wén gōng zú ¹ 。 gēng chén ² ， jiāng bìn yú qǔ wò ³ 。 chū jiàng ⁴ ， jiù yǒu shēng rú niú ⁵ 。 bǔ yǎn shǐ dài fu bài ⁶ ， yuē ： \" jūn mìng dà shì jiāng yǒu xī shī guò yì wǒ ⁷ ， jī zhī ， bì dà jié yān ⁸ 。 \"","qǐ zǐ zì zhèng shǐ gào yú qín yuē ⁹ ： \" zhèng rén shǐ wǒ zhǎng qí běi mén zhī guǎn ¹ ⁰ ， ruò qián shī yǐ lái ¹ ¹ ， guó kě dé yě ¹ ² 。 \" mù gōng fǎng zhū jiǎn shū ¹ ³ 。 jiǎn shū yuē ： \" láo shī yǐ xí yuǎn ¹ ⁴ ， fēi suǒ wén yě ¹ ⁵ 。 shī láo lì jié ¹ ⁶ ， yuǎn zhǔ bèi zhī ¹ ⁷ ， wú nǎi bù kě hū ¹ ⁸ ？ shī zhī suǒ wèi ¹ ⁹ ， zhèng bì zhī zhī ² ⁰ 。 qín ér wú suǒ ² ¹ ， bì yǒu bèi xīn ² ² 。 qiě xíng qiān lǐ ² ³ ， qí shuí bù zhī ² ⁴ ？ \" gōng cí yān ² ⁵ 。 zhào mèng míng 、 xī qǐ 、 bái yǐ shǐ chū shī yú dōng mén zhī wài ² ⁶ 。 jiǎn shū kū zhī yuē ² ⁷ ： \" mèng zǐ ² ⁸ ！ wú jiàn shī zhī chū ér bú jiàn qí rù yě ² ⁹ 。 \" gōng shǐ wèi zhī yuē ³ ⁰ ： \" ěr hé zhī ³ ¹ ！ zhōng shòu ³ ² ， ěr mù zhī mù gǒng ³ ³ yǐ ！ \"","jiǎn shū zhī zǐ yǔ shī ³ ⁴ ， kū ér sòng zhī ³ ⁵ ， yuē ： \" jìn rén yù shī bì yú xiáo ³ ⁶ ， yǒu èr líng yān ³ ⁷ 。 qí nán líng ³ ⁸ ， xià hòu gāo zhī mù yě ³ ⁹ ； qí běi líng ⁴ ⁰ ， wén wáng zhī suǒ pì fēng yǔ yě ⁴ ¹ ， bì sǐ shì jiān ⁴ ² ， yú shōu ěr gǔ yān ⁴ ³ 。 \" qín shī suì dōng ⁴ ⁴ 。",[228,231,233,236,239,242,244,247,250,253,256,259,262,265,268,271,274,277,280,283,286,289,290,291,294,297,300,302,303,306,309,312,315,318,321,323,326,328,329,332,333,336,339,342],{"term":229,"text":230,"index":19},"晉文公卒","晉文公，晉國國君；卒，去世",{"term":21,"text":232,"index":23},"干支紀日",{"term":234,"text":235,"index":27},"將殯於曲沃","將，將要；殯，停柩；於，在；曲沃，地名",{"term":237,"text":238,"index":31},"出絳","出，離開；絳，晉國都城",{"term":240,"text":241,"index":35},"柩有聲如牛","柩，棺材；有聲，有聲音；如牛，像牛叫",{"term":37,"text":243,"index":39},"卜偃，人名；使，讓；大夫，官員；拜，拜祭",{"term":245,"text":246,"index":43},"君命大事將有西師過軼我","君，國君；命，命令；大事，重要的事；將，將要；西師，西面的軍隊；過軼，經過；我，我們",{"term":248,"text":249,"index":47},"擊之，必大捷焉","擊，攻擊；之，他們；必，必定；大捷，大勝；焉，啊",{"term":251,"text":252,"index":51},"杞子自鄭使告於秦曰","杞子，人名；自，從；鄭，鄭國；使，派；告，報告；於，向；秦，秦國；曰，說",{"term":254,"text":255,"index":55},"鄭人使我掌其北門之管","鄭人，鄭國人；使，讓；我，我；掌，掌管；其，他們的；北門，北門；之，的；管，鑰匙",{"term":257,"text":258,"index":59},"若潛師以來","若，如果；潛師，祕密派兵；以，來；來，來",{"term":260,"text":261,"index":63},"國可得也","國，國家；可，可以；得，得到；也，啊",{"term":263,"text":264,"index":67},"穆公訪諸蹇叔","穆公，秦穆公；訪，詢問；諸，之於；蹇叔，人名",{"term":266,"text":267,"index":71},"勞師以襲遠","勞師，使軍隊疲勞；以，來；襲，襲擊；遠，遠地",{"term":269,"text":270,"index":75},"非所聞也","非，不是；所聞，所聽說；也，啊",{"term":272,"text":273,"index":79},"師勞力竭","師，軍隊；勞，疲勞；力竭，力量竭盡",{"term":275,"text":276,"index":83},"遠主備之","遠主，遠方的君主；備，防備；之，他們",{"term":278,"text":279,"index":87},"無乃不可乎","無乃，恐怕；不可，不可以；乎，嗎",{"term":281,"text":282,"index":91},"師之所爲","師，軍隊；之，的；所爲，所做的事",{"term":284,"text":285,"index":95},"鄭必知之","鄭，鄭國；必，必定；知，知道；之，這些",{"term":287,"text":288,"index":99},"勤而無所","勤，勤勞；而，卻；無所，沒有所得",{"term":101,"text":102,"index":103},{"term":105,"text":106,"index":107},{"term":292,"text":293,"index":111},"其誰不知","其，難道；誰，誰；不，不；知，知道",{"term":295,"text":296,"index":115},"公辭焉","公，秦穆公；辭，拒絕；焉，他",{"term":298,"text":299,"index":119},"召孟明、西乞、白乙使出師於東門之外","召，召見；孟明、西乞、白乙，人名；使，讓；出師，出兵；於，在；東門，東門；之外，外面",{"term":121,"text":301,"index":123},"蹇叔，人名；哭，哭泣；之，他們；曰，說",{"term":125,"text":126,"index":127},{"term":304,"text":305,"index":131},"吾見師之出而不見其入也","吾，我；見，看見；師，軍隊；之，的；出，出去；而，卻；不，不；見，看見；其，它；入，回來；也，啊",{"term":307,"text":308,"index":135},"公使謂之曰","公，秦穆公；使，派；謂，對...說；之，他；曰，說",{"term":310,"text":311,"index":139},"爾何知","爾，你；何，什麼；知，知道",{"term":313,"text":314,"index":143},"中壽","中等壽命",{"term":316,"text":317,"index":147},"爾墓之木拱","爾，你；墓，墳墓；之，的；木，樹木；拱，合抱",{"term":319,"text":320,"index":151},"蹇叔之子與師","蹇叔，人名；之，的；子，兒子；與，跟隨；師，軍隊",{"term":153,"text":322,"index":155},"哭，哭泣；而，然後；送，送別；之，他",{"term":324,"text":325,"index":159},"晉人御師必於崤","晉人，晉國人；御師，抵禦軍隊；必，必定；於，在；崤，崤山",{"term":161,"text":327,"index":163},"有，有；二陵，兩座山陵；焉，在那裏",{"term":165,"text":166,"index":167},{"term":330,"text":331,"index":171},"夏後皋之墓也","夏後皋，夏朝君主；之，的；墓，墳墓；也，啊",{"term":173,"text":174,"index":175},{"term":334,"text":335,"index":179},"文王之所闢風雨也","文王，周文王；之，的；所闢，所躲避；風雨，風雨；也，啊",{"term":337,"text":338,"index":183},"必死是間","必，必定；死，死；是間，這裏",{"term":340,"text":341,"index":187},"餘收爾骨焉","餘，我；收，收集；爾，你的；骨，屍骨；焉，在那裏",{"term":343,"text":344,"index":191},"秦師遂東","秦師，秦軍；遂，於是；東，向東",[346,347,348],"冬天，晉文公去世。庚辰日，將要停柩在曲沃。離開絳都，棺材發出像牛叫的聲音。卜偃讓大夫拜祭，說：\"國君命令重要的事，將有西面的軍隊經過我們，攻擊他們，必定大勝。\"","杞子從鄭國派人向秦國報告說：\"鄭國人讓我掌管他們北門的鑰匙，如果祕密派兵來，國家可以得到。\"秦穆公向蹇叔詢問這件事。蹇叔說：\"使軍隊疲勞來襲擊遠地，不是我所聽說的。軍隊疲勞力量竭盡，遠方的君主防備他們，恐怕不可以吧？軍隊所做的事，鄭國必定知道。勤勞卻沒有所得，必定有背叛之心。而且行走千里，難道誰不知道？\"秦穆公拒絕了他。召見孟明、西乞、白乙，讓他們在東門外面出兵。蹇叔哭着說：\"孟子！我看見軍隊出去卻看不見它回來。\"秦穆公派人對他說：\"你知道什麼！中等壽命，你墳墓的樹木已經合抱了！\"","蹇叔的兒子跟隨軍隊，哭着送別他，說：\"晉國人抵禦軍隊必定在崤山，有兩座山陵在那裏。其中南面的山陵，是夏後皋的墳墓；其中北面的山陵，是周文王所躲避風雨的地方，必定死在這裏，我收集你的屍骨在那裏。\"秦軍於是向東進發。",[350,351,352,353],"本文記載的是春秋時期秦國攻打鄭國的重要軍事事件。魯僖公三十二年（前628年），晉文公去世，秦國趁機攻打鄭國，但蹇叔勸阻無效，最終秦軍在崤山被晉軍擊敗。","春秋時期，秦國是西方大國，想要向東擴張。晉文公去世後，秦國認爲有機可乘，準備攻打鄭國。但蹇叔認爲勞師襲遠不可取，勸阻秦穆公不要出兵。","蹇叔是秦國的賢臣，他預見到秦軍必敗，但秦穆公不聽勸阻，堅持出兵。最終秦軍在崤山被晉軍擊敗，驗證了蹇叔的預言。","這一事件反映了春秋時期複雜的國際關係和軍事智慧。蹇叔的軍事預見不僅體現了他的智慧，也展現了春秋時期政治家的遠見卓識。",{"overall":355,"features":359,"quotes":364},[356,357,358],"這篇文章是《左傳》中著名的軍事文章之一，體現了蹇叔的軍事智慧和戰略眼光。文章結構嚴謹，層次分明，通過蹇叔的勸阻和預言，展現了春秋時期軍事家的遠見卓識。","文章的語言簡潔有力，特別是蹇叔的勸阻，邏輯嚴密，說理透徹。他的軍事預見不僅在當時具有重要的軍事價值，也成爲後世軍事學的重要思想。","文章的主旨深刻，通過蹇叔哭師這一具體事件，揭示了軍事指揮的重要性和戰略思維的價值。",[360,361,362,363],"**結構嚴謹**：文章按照事件發展的順序，從勸阻到出兵，層次分明，邏輯清晰。","**語言簡潔**：全文語言精練，特別是蹇叔的勸阻，言簡意賅，具有很強的說服力。","**人物形象鮮明**：蹇叔的智慧、遠見，秦穆公的固執、衝動，都通過簡潔的語言得到了很好的體現。","**軍事思想深刻**：文章不僅記錄了歷史事件，更重要的是體現了深刻的軍事思想。",[365,366],"清·吳楚材、吳調侯《古文觀止》：\"蹇叔哭師，言軍事之要，可謂軍事家的智慧。\"","明·歸有光《世宗實錄》：\"此左氏議論之精者，言軍事之要，可爲後世法。\"",[368],"左丘明（約前502一前422），春秋末期史學家。左丘明曾任魯國史官，孔子編訂六經，左丘明爲解析六經之一《春秋》而著《左傳》，亦著《國語》。《左傳》《國語》兩書記錄不少西周、春秋的重要史事，史料翔實，文筆生動，具有很高的史學價值。左丘明是中國傳統史學的創始人，被史學界推爲中國史學的開山鼻祖，被譽爲\"百家文字之宗，萬世古文之祖\"\"文宗史聖\"\"經臣史祖\"，孔子、司馬遷均尊左丘明爲\"君子\"。",{"id":370,"name":10,"nameTrad":10,"slug":371,"introduce":372,"dynasty":372},"z8pgmmp60yui66da9c6ddy4uu","zuo-qiu-ming",null,{"slug":374,"title":375,"sortOrder":75},"zhu-zhi-wu-tui-qin-shi","烛之武退秦师",{"slug":377,"title":378,"sortOrder":83},"jie-zhi-tui-bu-yan-lu","介之推不言禄"]