[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archaism-qi-xi-qing-mian-shu-xiang":3},{"archaism":4,"author":538,"prev":542,"next":545},{"id":5,"slug":6,"title":7,"category":8,"volume":9,"author":10,"paragraphs":11,"notes":16,"translation":291,"background":296,"appreciation":301,"authorIntro":314,"searchText":316,"sortOrder":44,"createdAt":317,"updatedAt":317,"titleTrad":318,"paragraphsTrad":319,"paragraphsPinyin":324,"notesTrad":329,"translationTrad":513,"backgroundTrad":518,"appreciationTrad":523,"authorIntroTrad":536},"arch_fe8cef887cf3c24c0509e1b5","qi-xi-qing-mian-shu-xiang","祁奚请免叔向","古文观止","卷二·周文二","左丘明",[12,13,14,15],"栾盈出奔楚。宣子杀羊舌虎，囚叔向¹。人谓叔向曰²：\"子离于罪³，其为不知乎⁴？\"叔向曰⁵：\"与其死亡若何⁶？诗曰⁷：'优哉游哉，聊以卒岁⁸。'知也⁹。\"","乐王鲋见叔向曰¹⁰：\"吾为子请¹¹。\"叔向弗应¹²，出不拜¹³。其人皆咎叔向¹⁴。叔向曰¹⁵：\"必祁大夫¹⁶。\"室老闻之曰¹⁷：\"乐王鲋言于君无不行¹⁸，求赦吾子¹⁹，吾子不许²⁰；祁大夫所不能也²¹，而曰必由之²²。何也²³？\"叔向曰²⁴：\"乐王鲋从君者也²⁵，何能行²⁶？祁大夫外举不弃仇²⁷，内举不失亲²⁸，其独遗我乎²⁹？诗曰³⁰：'有觉德行³¹，四国顺之³²。'夫子，觉者也³³。\"","晋侯问叔向之罪于乐王鲋³⁴。对曰³⁵：\"不弃其亲³⁶，其有焉³⁷。\"","于是祁奚老矣³⁸，闻之³⁹，乘驲而见宣子⁴⁰，曰⁴¹：\"《诗》曰⁴²：'惠我无疆⁴³，子孙保之⁴⁴。'《书》曰⁴⁵：'圣有谟勋⁴⁶，明征定保⁴⁷。'夫谋而鲜过⁴⁸，惠训不倦者⁴⁹，叔向有焉⁵⁰，社稷之固也⁵¹。犹将十世宥之⁵²，以劝能者⁵³。今壹不免其身⁵⁴，以弃社稷⁵⁵，不亦惑乎⁵⁶？鲧殛而禹兴⁵⁷；伊尹放大甲而相之⁵⁸，卒无怨色⁵⁹；管蔡为戮⁶⁰，周公右王⁶¹。若之何其以虎也弃社稷⁶²？子为善⁶³，谁敢不勉⁶⁴，多杀何为⁶⁵？\"宣子说⁶⁶，与之乘⁶⁷，以言诸公而免之⁶⁸。不见叔向而归⁶⁹，叔向亦不告免焉而朝⁷⁰。",[17,21,25,29,33,37,41,45,49,53,57,61,65,69,73,75,79,83,87,91,95,99,103,107,109,113,117,121,125,129,131,135,139,143,147,151,155,159,163,167,171,175,179,183,187,191,195,199,203,207,211,215,219,223,227,231,235,239,243,247,251,255,259,263,267,271,275,279,283,287],{"term":18,"text":19,"index":20},"栾盈出奔楚","栾盈，人名；出奔，逃亡；楚，楚国",1,{"term":22,"text":23,"index":24},"人谓叔向曰","人，有人；谓，对；叔向，人名；曰，说",2,{"term":26,"text":27,"index":28},"子离于罪","子，您；离，遭受；于，了；罪，罪过",3,{"term":30,"text":31,"index":32},"其为不知乎","其，难道；为，是；不，不；知，明智；乎，吗",4,{"term":34,"text":35,"index":36},"叔向曰","叔向，人名；曰，说",5,{"term":38,"text":39,"index":40},"与其死亡若何","与，和；其，这；死亡，死亡；若何，怎么样",6,{"term":42,"text":43,"index":44},"诗曰","诗，《诗经》；曰，说",7,{"term":46,"text":47,"index":48},"优哉游哉，聊以卒岁","优哉游哉，悠闲自得；聊，姑且；以，来；卒岁，度过岁月",8,{"term":50,"text":51,"index":52},"知也","知，明智；也，啊",9,{"term":54,"text":55,"index":56},"乐王鲋见叔向曰","乐王鲋，人名；见，拜见；叔向，人名；曰，说",10,{"term":58,"text":59,"index":60},"吾为子请","吾，我；为，替；子，您；请，请求",11,{"term":62,"text":63,"index":64},"叔向弗应","叔向，人名；弗，不；应，回应",12,{"term":66,"text":67,"index":68},"出不拜","出，出来；不，不；拜，拜谢",13,{"term":70,"text":71,"index":72},"其人皆咎叔向","其，那些；人，人；皆，都；咎，责怪；叔向，人名",14,{"term":34,"text":35,"index":74},15,{"term":76,"text":77,"index":78},"必祁大夫","必，必定；祁大夫，祁奚大夫",16,{"term":80,"text":81,"index":82},"室老闻之曰","室老，家臣；闻，听到；之，这；曰，说",17,{"term":84,"text":85,"index":86},"乐王鲋言于君无不行","乐王鲋，人名；言，说话；于，对；君，国君；无，没有；不，不；行，实行",18,{"term":88,"text":89,"index":90},"求赦吾子","求，请求；赦，赦免；吾子，我的主人",19,{"term":92,"text":93,"index":94},"吾子不许","吾子，我的主人；不，不；许，答应",20,{"term":96,"text":97,"index":98},"祁大夫所不能也","祁大夫，祁奚大夫；所，所；不，不；能，能够；也，啊",21,{"term":100,"text":101,"index":102},"而曰必由之","而，却；曰，说；必，必定；由，通过；之，他",22,{"term":104,"text":105,"index":106},"何也","何，为什么；也，啊",23,{"term":34,"text":35,"index":108},24,{"term":110,"text":111,"index":112},"乐王鲋从君者也","乐王鲋，人名；从，顺从；君，国君；者，的人；也，啊",25,{"term":114,"text":115,"index":116},"何能行","何，怎么；能，能够；行，实行",26,{"term":118,"text":119,"index":120},"祁大夫外举不弃仇","祁大夫，祁奚大夫；外举，对外举荐；不，不；弃，抛弃；仇，仇人",27,{"term":122,"text":123,"index":124},"内举不失亲","内举，对内举荐；不，不；失，失去；亲，亲人",28,{"term":126,"text":127,"index":128},"其独遗我乎","其，难道；独，唯独；遗，遗漏；我，我；乎，吗",29,{"term":42,"text":43,"index":130},30,{"term":132,"text":133,"index":134},"有觉德行","有觉，有觉悟；德行，道德品行",31,{"term":136,"text":137,"index":138},"四国顺之","四国，四方国家；顺，顺从；之，他",32,{"term":140,"text":141,"index":142},"夫子，觉者也","夫子，先生；觉者，有觉悟的人；也，啊",33,{"term":144,"text":145,"index":146},"晋侯问叔向之罪于乐王鲋","晋侯，晋国国君；问，询问；叔向，人名；之，的；罪，罪过；于，向；乐王鲋，人名",34,{"term":148,"text":149,"index":150},"对曰","对，回答；曰，说",35,{"term":152,"text":153,"index":154},"不弃其亲","不，不；弃，抛弃；其，他的；亲，亲人",36,{"term":156,"text":157,"index":158},"其有焉","其，他；有，有；焉，罪过",37,{"term":160,"text":161,"index":162},"于是祁奚老矣","于是，这时；祁奚，人名；老，年老；矣，了",38,{"term":164,"text":165,"index":166},"闻之","闻，听到；之，这件事",39,{"term":168,"text":169,"index":170},"乘驲而见宣子","乘，乘坐；驲，驿车；而，来；见，拜见；宣子，人名",40,{"term":172,"text":173,"index":174},"曰","说",41,{"term":176,"text":177,"index":178},"《诗》曰","《诗》，《诗经》；曰，说",42,{"term":180,"text":181,"index":182},"惠我无疆","惠，恩惠；我，我们；无疆，无边",43,{"term":184,"text":185,"index":186},"子孙保之","子孙，子孙后代；保，保佑；之，它",44,{"term":188,"text":189,"index":190},"《书》曰","《书》，《尚书》；曰，说",45,{"term":192,"text":193,"index":194},"圣有谟勋","圣，圣人；有，有；谟勋，谋略功勋",46,{"term":196,"text":197,"index":198},"明征定保","明征，明证；定保，定能保佑",47,{"term":200,"text":201,"index":202},"夫谋而鲜过","夫，那些；谋，谋划；而，却；鲜，很少；过，过错",48,{"term":204,"text":205,"index":206},"惠训不倦者","惠训，恩惠教导；不倦，不厌倦；者，的人",49,{"term":208,"text":209,"index":210},"叔向有焉","叔向，人名；有，有；焉，这些品质",50,{"term":212,"text":213,"index":214},"社稷之固也","社稷，国家；之，的；固，坚固；也，啊",51,{"term":216,"text":217,"index":218},"犹将十世宥之","犹，尚且；将，将要；十世，十代；宥，宽恕；之，他",52,{"term":220,"text":221,"index":222},"以劝能者","以，来；劝，鼓励；能者，有才能的人",53,{"term":224,"text":225,"index":226},"今壹不免其身","今，现在；壹，一旦；不，不；免，赦免；其，他的；身，性命",54,{"term":228,"text":229,"index":230},"以弃社稷","以，来；弃，抛弃；社稷，国家",55,{"term":232,"text":233,"index":234},"不亦惑乎","不亦，不是；惑，糊涂；乎，吗",56,{"term":236,"text":237,"index":238},"鲧殛而禹兴","鲧，人名；殛，杀死；而，但；禹，人名；兴，兴起",57,{"term":240,"text":241,"index":242},"伊尹放大甲而相之","伊尹，人名；放，流放；大甲，人名；而，却；相，辅佐；之，他",58,{"term":244,"text":245,"index":246},"卒无怨色","卒，最终；无，没有；怨色，怨恨的神色",59,{"term":248,"text":249,"index":250},"管蔡为戮","管蔡，管叔、蔡叔；为，被；戮，杀死",60,{"term":252,"text":253,"index":254},"周公右王","周公，人名；右，辅佐；王，周王",61,{"term":256,"text":257,"index":258},"若之何其以虎也弃社稷","若之何，为什么；其，要；以，因为；虎，羊舌虎；也，而；弃，抛弃；社稷，国家",62,{"term":260,"text":261,"index":262},"子为善","子，您；为，做；善，善事",63,{"term":264,"text":265,"index":266},"谁敢不勉","谁，谁；敢，敢；不，不；勉，努力",64,{"term":268,"text":269,"index":270},"多杀何为","多杀，多杀；何为，为什么",65,{"term":272,"text":273,"index":274},"宣子说","宣子，人名；说，高兴",66,{"term":276,"text":277,"index":278},"与之乘","与，和；之，他；乘，同乘",67,{"term":280,"text":281,"index":282},"以言诸公而免之","以，来；言，说；诸，向；公，国君；而，并且；免，赦免；之，他",68,{"term":284,"text":285,"index":286},"不见叔向而归","不，不；见，拜见；叔向，人名；而，就；归，回去",69,{"term":288,"text":289,"index":290},"叔向亦不告免焉而朝","叔向，人名；亦，也；不，不；告，告诉；免，赦免；焉，他；而，就；朝，上朝",70,[292,293,294,295],"栾盈逃亡到楚国。宣子杀死了羊舌虎，囚禁了叔向。有人对叔向说：\"您遭受了罪过，难道不是不明智吗？\"叔向说：\"和死亡相比怎么样？《诗经》说：'悠闲自得，姑且度过岁月。'这是明智的。\"","乐王鲋拜见叔向说：\"我替您请求。\"叔向不回应，出来也不拜谢。那些人都责怪叔向。叔向说：\"必定是祁大夫。\"家臣听到后说：\"乐王鲋对国君说话没有不实行的，请求赦免我的主人，我的主人不答应；祁大夫所不能做到的，却说必定通过他。为什么？\"叔向说：\"乐王鲋是顺从国君的人，怎么能实行？祁大夫对外举荐不抛弃仇人，对内举荐不失去亲人，难道唯独遗漏我吗？《诗经》说：'有觉悟的道德品行，四方国家都顺从。'先生是有觉悟的人。\"","晋侯向乐王鲋询问叔向的罪过。乐王鲋回答说：\"不抛弃他的亲人，他有罪过。\"","这时祁奚已经年老，听到这件事，乘坐驿车来拜见宣子，说：\"《诗经》说：'恩惠我们无边，子孙后代保佑它。'《尚书》说：'圣人有谋略功勋，明证定能保佑。'那些谋划却很少有过错，恩惠教导不厌倦的人，叔向有这些品质，是国家的坚固。尚且将要十代宽恕他，来鼓励有才能的人。现在一旦不赦免他的性命，来抛弃国家，不是糊涂吗？鲧被杀死但禹兴起；伊尹流放大甲却辅佐他，最终没有怨恨的神色；管叔、蔡叔被杀死，周公辅佐周王。为什么要因为羊舌虎而抛弃国家？您做善事，谁敢不努力，多杀为什么？\"宣子高兴，和他同乘，来向国君说而赦免了他。不拜见叔向就回去，叔向也不告诉赦免他就上朝。",[297,298,299,300],"本文记载的是春秋时期晋国内部政治斗争的重要事件。鲁襄公二十一年（前552年），栾盈因与范宣子（士匄）发生矛盾而出奔楚国，其党羽羊舌虎被杀，叔向被囚禁，祁奚挺身而出为叔向求情。","春秋时期，晋国政治复杂，各大贵族之间经常发生权力斗争。栾盈是晋国的重要贵族，与范宣子发生矛盾后被迫出奔。羊舌虎是栾盈的党羽，被范宣子杀死，而叔向作为羊舌虎的兄弟也被牵连入狱。","祁奚是晋国的老臣，以公正无私著称，他\"外举不弃仇，内举不失亲\"的品格在历史上传为佳话。当他听说叔向被囚禁后，不顾年老体弱，立即前往为叔向求情，体现了春秋时期士人的品格和政治智慧。","这一事件反映了春秋时期复杂的政治关系和士人的品格。祁奚的求情不仅救了叔向的性命，也体现了春秋时期政治家的政治智慧和道德品格。",{"quotes":302,"overall":305,"features":309},[303,304],"清·吴楚材、吴调侯《古文观止》：\"祁奚请免叔向，言政治之要，可谓政治家的智慧。\"","明·归有光《世宗实录》：\"此左氏议论之精者，言政治之要，可为后世法。\"",[306,307,308],"这篇文章是《左传》中著名的政治文章之一，体现了祁奚的政治智慧和道德品格。文章结构严谨，层次分明，通过祁奚为叔向求情这一具体事件，展现了春秋时期政治家的政治智慧。","文章的语言优美，特别是祁奚的说辞，既委婉又坚定，既谦逊又强硬。他通过巧妙的语言艺术，巧妙地表达了政治立场，体现了春秋时期政治家的语言艺术。","文章的主旨深刻，通过祁奚请免叔向这一具体事件，揭示了春秋时期政治关系的重要性和政治家的政治智慧。",[310,311,312,313],"**结构严谨**：文章按照事件发展的顺序，层次分明，逻辑清晰。","**语言优美**：全文语言典雅，特别是祁奚的说辞，具有很强的说服力和文学性。","**人物形象鲜明**：祁奚的公正无私、叔向的智慧、乐王鲋的圆滑，都通过简洁的语言得到了很好的体现。","**政治智慧深刻**：文章不仅记录了历史事件，更重要的是体现了深刻的政治智慧。",[315],"左丘明（约前502一前422），春秋末期史学家。左丘明曾任鲁国史官，孔子编订六经，左丘明为解析六经之一《春秋》而著《左传》，亦著《国语》。《左传》《国语》两书记录不少西周、春秋的重要史事，史料翔实，文笔生动，具有很高的史学价值。左丘明是中国传统史学的创始人，被史学界推为中国史学的开山鼻祖，被誉为\"百家文字之宗，万世古文之祖\"\"文宗史圣\"\"经臣史祖\"，孔子、司马迁均尊左丘明为\"君子\"。","祁奚请免叔向 左丘明 卷二·周文二 栾盈出奔楚。宣子杀羊舌虎，囚叔向¹。人谓叔向曰²：\"子离于罪³，其为不知乎⁴？\"叔向曰⁵：\"与其死亡若何⁶？诗曰⁷：'优哉游哉，聊以卒岁⁸。'知也⁹。\" 乐王鲋见叔向曰¹⁰：\"吾为子请¹¹。\"叔向弗应¹²，出不拜¹³。其人皆咎叔向¹⁴。叔向曰¹⁵：\"必祁大夫¹⁶。\"室老闻之曰¹⁷：\"乐王鲋言于君无不行¹⁸，求赦吾子¹⁹，吾子不许²⁰；祁大夫所不能也²¹，而曰必由之²²。何也²³？\"叔向曰²⁴：\"乐王鲋从君者也²⁵，何能行²⁶？祁大夫外举不弃仇²⁷，内举不失亲²⁸，其独遗我乎²⁹？诗曰³⁰：'有觉德行³¹，四国顺之³²。'夫子，觉者也³³。\" 晋侯问叔向之罪于乐王鲋³⁴。对曰³⁵：\"不弃其亲³⁶，其有焉³⁷。\" 于是祁奚老矣³⁸，闻之³⁹，乘驲而见宣子⁴⁰，曰⁴¹：\"《诗》曰⁴²：'惠我无疆⁴³，子孙保之⁴⁴。'《书》曰⁴⁵：'圣有谟勋⁴⁶，明征定保⁴⁷。'夫谋而鲜过⁴⁸，惠训不倦者⁴⁹，叔向有焉⁵⁰，社稷之固也⁵¹。犹将十世宥之⁵²，以劝能者⁵³。今壹不免其身⁵⁴，以弃社稷⁵⁵，不亦惑乎⁵⁶？鲧殛而禹兴⁵⁷；伊尹放大甲而相之⁵⁸，卒无怨色⁵⁹；管蔡为戮⁶⁰，周公右王⁶¹。若之何其以虎也弃社稷⁶²？子为善⁶³，谁敢不勉⁶⁴，多杀何为⁶⁵？\"宣子说⁶⁶，与之乘⁶⁷，以言诸公而免之⁶⁸。不见叔向而归⁶⁹，叔向亦不告免焉而朝⁷⁰。 栾盈逃亡到楚国。宣子杀死了羊舌虎，囚禁了叔向。有人对叔向说：\"您遭受了罪过，难道不是不明智吗？\"叔向说：\"和死亡相比怎么样？《诗经》说：'悠闲自得，姑且度过岁月。'这是明智的。\" 乐王鲋拜见叔向说：\"我替您请求。\"叔向不回应，出来也不拜谢。那些人都责怪叔向。叔向说：\"必定是祁大夫。\"家臣听到后说：\"乐王鲋对国君说话没有不实行的，请求赦免我的主人，我的主人不答应；祁大夫所不能做到的，却说必定通过他。为什么？\"叔向说：\"乐王鲋是顺从国君的人，怎么能实行？祁大夫对外举荐不抛弃仇人，对内举荐不失去亲人，难道唯独遗漏我吗？《诗经》说：'有觉悟的道德品行，四方国家都顺从。'先生是有觉悟的人。\" 晋侯向乐王鲋询问叔向的罪过。乐王鲋回答说：\"不抛弃他的亲人，他有罪过。\" 这时祁奚已经年老，听到这件事，乘坐驿车来拜见宣子，说：\"《诗经》说：'恩惠我们无边，子孙后代保佑它。'《尚书》说：'圣人有谋略功勋，明证定能保佑。'那些谋划却很少有过错，恩惠教导不厌倦的人，叔向有这些品质，是国家的坚固。尚且将要十代宽恕他，来鼓励有才能的人。现在一旦不赦免他的性命，来抛弃国家，不是糊涂吗？鲧被杀死但禹兴起；伊尹流放大甲却辅佐他，最终没有怨恨的神色；管叔、蔡叔被杀死，周公辅佐周王。为什么要因为羊舌虎而抛弃国家？您做善事，谁敢不努力，多杀为什么？\"宣子高兴，和他同乘，来向国君说而赦免了他。不拜见叔向就回去，叔向也不告诉赦免他就上朝。","2026-11-08T00:28:59.383Z","祁奚請免叔向",[320,321,322,323],"欒盈出奔楚。宣子殺羊舌虎，囚叔向¹。人謂叔向曰²：\"子離於罪³，其爲不知乎⁴？\"叔向曰⁵：\"與其死亡若何⁶？詩曰⁷：'優哉遊哉，聊以卒歲⁸。'知也⁹。\"","樂王鮒見叔向曰¹⁰：\"吾爲子請¹¹。\"叔向弗應¹²，出不拜¹³。其人皆咎叔向¹⁴。叔向曰¹⁵：\"必祁大夫¹⁶。\"室老聞之曰¹⁷：\"樂王鮒言於君無不行¹⁸，求赦吾子¹⁹，吾子不許²⁰；祁大夫所不能也²¹，而曰必由之²²。何也²³？\"叔向曰²⁴：\"樂王鮒從君者也²⁵，何能行²⁶？祁大夫外舉不棄仇²⁷，內舉不失親²⁸，其獨遺我乎²⁹？詩曰³⁰：'有覺德行³¹，四國順之³²。'夫子，覺者也³³。\"","晉侯問叔向之罪於樂王鮒³⁴。對曰³⁵：\"不棄其親³⁶，其有焉³⁷。\"","於是祁奚老矣³⁸，聞之³⁹，乘馹而見宣子⁴⁰，曰⁴¹：\"《詩》曰⁴²：'惠我無疆⁴³，子孫保之⁴⁴。'《書》曰⁴⁵：'聖有謨勳⁴⁶，明徵定保⁴⁷。'夫謀而鮮過⁴⁸，惠訓不倦者⁴⁹，叔向有焉⁵⁰，社稷之固也⁵¹。猶將十世宥之⁵²，以勸能者⁵³。今壹不免其身⁵⁴，以棄社稷⁵⁵，不亦惑乎⁵⁶？鯀殛而禹興⁵⁷；伊尹放大甲而相之⁵⁸，卒無怨色⁵⁹；管蔡爲戮⁶⁰，周公右王⁶¹。若之何其以虎也棄社稷⁶²？子爲善⁶³，誰敢不勉⁶⁴，多殺何爲⁶⁵？\"宣子說⁶⁶，與之乘⁶⁷，以言諸公而免之⁶⁸。不見叔向而歸⁶⁹，叔向亦不告免焉而朝⁷⁰。",[325,326,327,328],"luán yíng chū bēn chǔ 。 xuān zǐ shā yáng shé hǔ ， qiú shū xiàng ¹ 。 rén wèi shū xiàng yuē ² ： \" zǐ lí yú zuì ³ ， qí wèi bù zhī hū ⁴ ？ \" shū xiàng yuē ⁵ ： \" yǔ qí sǐ wáng ruò hé ⁶ ？ shī yuē ⁷ ： ' yōu zāi yóu zāi ， liáo yǐ zú suì ⁸ 。 ' zhī yě ⁹ 。 \"","lè wáng fù jiàn shū xiàng yuē ¹ ⁰ ： \" wú wèi zǐ qǐng ¹ ¹ 。 \" shū xiàng fú yìng ¹ ² ， chū bú bài ¹ ³ 。 qí rén jiē jiù shū xiàng ¹ ⁴ 。 shū xiàng yuē ¹ ⁵ ： \" bì qí dài fu ¹ ⁶ 。 \" shì lǎo wén zhī yuē ¹ ⁷ ： \" lè wáng fù yán yú jūn wú bù xíng ¹ ⁸ ， qiú shè wú zǐ ¹ ⁹ ， wú zǐ bù xǔ ² ⁰ ； qí dài fu suǒ bù néng yě ² ¹ ， ér yuē bì yóu zhī ² ² 。 hé yě ² ³ ？ \" shū xiàng yuē ² ⁴ ： \" lè wáng fù cóng jūn zhě yě ² ⁵ ， hé néng xíng ² ⁶ ？ qí dài fu wài jǔ bú qì chóu ² ⁷ ， nèi jǔ bù shī qīn ² ⁸ ， qí dú yí wǒ hū ² ⁹ ？ shī yuē ³ ⁰ ： ' yǒu jué dé xíng ³ ¹ ， sì guó shùn zhī ³ ² 。 ' fū zǐ ， jué zhě yě ³ ³ 。 \"","jìn hóu wèn shū xiàng zhī zuì yú lè wáng fù ³ ⁴ 。 duì yuē ³ ⁵ ： \" bú qì qí qīn ³ ⁶ ， qí yǒu yān ³ ⁷ 。 \"","yú shì qí xī lǎo yǐ ³ ⁸ ， wén zhī ³ ⁹ ， chéng rì ér jiàn xuān zǐ ⁴ ⁰ ， yuē ⁴ ¹ ： \" 《 shī 》 yuē ⁴ ² ： ' huì wǒ wú jiāng ⁴ ³ ， zǐ sūn bǎo zhī ⁴ ⁴ 。 ' 《 shū 》 yuē ⁴ ⁵ ： ' shèng yǒu mó xūn ⁴ ⁶ ， míng zhēng dìng bǎo ⁴ ⁷ 。 ' fū móu ér xiān guò ⁴ ⁸ ， huì xùn bú juàn zhě ⁴ ⁹ ， shū xiàng yǒu yān ⁵ ⁰ ， shè jì zhī gù yě ⁵ ¹ 。 yóu jiāng shí shì yòu zhī ⁵ ² ， yǐ quàn néng zhě ⁵ ³ 。 jīn yī bù miǎn qí shēn ⁵ ⁴ ， yǐ qì shè jì ⁵ ⁵ ， bú yì huò hū ⁵ ⁶ ？ gǔn jí ér yǔ xīng ⁵ ⁷ ； yī yǐn fàng dà jiǎ ér xiāng zhī ⁵ ⁸ ， zú wú yuàn sè ⁵ ⁹ ； guǎn cài wèi lù ⁶ ⁰ ， zhōu gōng yòu wáng ⁶ ¹ 。 ruò zhī hé qí yǐ hǔ yě qì shè jì ⁶ ² ？ zǐ wèi shàn ⁶ ³ ， shuí gǎn bù miǎn ⁶ ⁴ ， duō shā hé wèi ⁶ ⁵ ？ \" xuān zǐ shuō ⁶ ⁶ ， yǔ zhī chéng ⁶ ⁷ ， yǐ yán zhū gōng ér miǎn zhī ⁶ ⁸ 。 bú jiàn shū xiàng ér guī ⁶ ⁹ ， shū xiàng yì bú gào miǎn yān ér cháo ⁷ ⁰ 。",[330,333,336,339,342,344,347,350,353,354,357,360,363,365,367,368,369,372,375,377,380,382,384,386,387,390,392,395,398,401,402,405,408,411,414,417,420,422,425,428,431,433,436,439,442,445,448,451,454,457,459,461,464,467,469,472,474,477,479,482,485,487,490,493,496,499,502,505,508,511],{"term":331,"text":332,"index":20},"欒盈出奔楚","欒盈，人名；出奔，逃亡；楚，楚國",{"term":334,"text":335,"index":24},"人謂叔向曰","人，有人；謂，對；叔向，人名；曰，說",{"term":337,"text":338,"index":28},"子離於罪","子，您；離，遭受；於，了；罪，罪過",{"term":340,"text":341,"index":32},"其爲不知乎","其，難道；爲，是；不，不；知，明智；乎，嗎",{"term":34,"text":343,"index":36},"叔向，人名；曰，說",{"term":345,"text":346,"index":40},"與其死亡若何","與，和；其，這；死亡，死亡；若何，怎麼樣",{"term":348,"text":349,"index":44},"詩曰","詩，《詩經》；曰，說",{"term":351,"text":352,"index":48},"優哉遊哉，聊以卒歲","優哉遊哉，悠閒自得；聊，姑且；以，來；卒歲，度過歲月",{"term":50,"text":51,"index":52},{"term":355,"text":356,"index":56},"樂王鮒見叔向曰","樂王鮒，人名；見，拜見；叔向，人名；曰，說",{"term":358,"text":359,"index":60},"吾爲子請","吾，我；爲，替；子，您；請，請求",{"term":361,"text":362,"index":64},"叔向弗應","叔向，人名；弗，不；應，回應",{"term":66,"text":364,"index":68},"出，出來；不，不；拜，拜謝",{"term":70,"text":366,"index":72},"其，那些；人，人；皆，都；咎，責怪；叔向，人名",{"term":34,"text":343,"index":74},{"term":76,"text":77,"index":78},{"term":370,"text":371,"index":82},"室老聞之曰","室老，家臣；聞，聽到；之，這；曰，說",{"term":373,"text":374,"index":86},"樂王鮒言於君無不行","樂王鮒，人名；言，說話；於，對；君，國君；無，沒有；不，不；行，實行",{"term":88,"text":376,"index":90},"求，請求；赦，赦免；吾子，我的主人",{"term":378,"text":379,"index":94},"吾子不許","吾子，我的主人；不，不；許，答應",{"term":96,"text":381,"index":98},"祁大夫，祁奚大夫；所，所；不，不；能，能夠；也，啊",{"term":100,"text":383,"index":102},"而，卻；曰，說；必，必定；由，通過；之，他",{"term":104,"text":385,"index":106},"何，爲什麼；也，啊",{"term":34,"text":343,"index":108},{"term":388,"text":389,"index":112},"樂王鮒從君者也","樂王鮒，人名；從，順從；君，國君；者，的人；也，啊",{"term":114,"text":391,"index":116},"何，怎麼；能，能夠；行，實行",{"term":393,"text":394,"index":120},"祁大夫外舉不棄仇","祁大夫，祁奚大夫；外舉，對外舉薦；不，不；棄，拋棄；仇，仇人",{"term":396,"text":397,"index":124},"內舉不失親","內舉，對內舉薦；不，不；失，失去；親，親人",{"term":399,"text":400,"index":128},"其獨遺我乎","其，難道；獨，唯獨；遺，遺漏；我，我；乎，嗎",{"term":348,"text":349,"index":130},{"term":403,"text":404,"index":134},"有覺德行","有覺，有覺悟；德行，道德品行",{"term":406,"text":407,"index":138},"四國順之","四國，四方國家；順，順從；之，他",{"term":409,"text":410,"index":142},"夫子，覺者也","夫子，先生；覺者，有覺悟的人；也，啊",{"term":412,"text":413,"index":146},"晉侯問叔向之罪於樂王鮒","晉侯，晉國國君；問，詢問；叔向，人名；之，的；罪，罪過；於，向；樂王鮒，人名",{"term":415,"text":416,"index":150},"對曰","對，回答；曰，說",{"term":418,"text":419,"index":154},"不棄其親","不，不；棄，拋棄；其，他的；親，親人",{"term":156,"text":421,"index":158},"其，他；有，有；焉，罪過",{"term":423,"text":424,"index":162},"於是祁奚老矣","於是，這時；祁奚，人名；老，年老；矣，了",{"term":426,"text":427,"index":166},"聞之","聞，聽到；之，這件事",{"term":429,"text":430,"index":170},"乘馹而見宣子","乘，乘坐；馹，驛車；而，來；見，拜見；宣子，人名",{"term":172,"text":432,"index":174},"說",{"term":434,"text":435,"index":178},"《詩》曰","《詩》，《詩經》；曰，說",{"term":437,"text":438,"index":182},"惠我無疆","惠，恩惠；我，我們；無疆，無邊",{"term":440,"text":441,"index":186},"子孫保之","子孫，子孫後代；保，保佑；之，它",{"term":443,"text":444,"index":190},"《書》曰","《書》，《尚書》；曰，說",{"term":446,"text":447,"index":194},"聖有謨勳","聖，聖人；有，有；謨勳，謀略功勳",{"term":449,"text":450,"index":198},"明徵定保","明徵，明證；定保，定能保佑",{"term":452,"text":453,"index":202},"夫謀而鮮過","夫，那些；謀，謀劃；而，卻；鮮，很少；過，過錯",{"term":455,"text":456,"index":206},"惠訓不倦者","惠訓，恩惠教導；不倦，不厭倦；者，的人",{"term":208,"text":458,"index":210},"叔向，人名；有，有；焉，這些品質",{"term":212,"text":460,"index":214},"社稷，國家；之，的；固，堅固；也，啊",{"term":462,"text":463,"index":218},"猶將十世宥之","猶，尚且；將，將要；十世，十代；宥，寬恕；之，他",{"term":465,"text":466,"index":222},"以勸能者","以，來；勸，鼓勵；能者，有才能的人",{"term":224,"text":468,"index":226},"今，現在；壹，一旦；不，不；免，赦免；其，他的；身，性命",{"term":470,"text":471,"index":230},"以棄社稷","以，來；棄，拋棄；社稷，國家",{"term":232,"text":473,"index":234},"不亦，不是；惑，糊塗；乎，嗎",{"term":475,"text":476,"index":238},"鯀殛而禹興","鯀，人名；殛，殺死；而，但；禹，人名；興，興起",{"term":240,"text":478,"index":242},"伊尹，人名；放，流放；大甲，人名；而，卻；相，輔佐；之，他",{"term":480,"text":481,"index":246},"卒無怨色","卒，最終；無，沒有；怨色，怨恨的神色",{"term":483,"text":484,"index":250},"管蔡爲戮","管蔡，管叔、蔡叔；爲，被；戮，殺死",{"term":252,"text":486,"index":254},"周公，人名；右，輔佐；王，周王",{"term":488,"text":489,"index":258},"若之何其以虎也棄社稷","若之何，爲什麼；其，要；以，因爲；虎，羊舌虎；也，而；棄，拋棄；社稷，國家",{"term":491,"text":492,"index":262},"子爲善","子，您；爲，做；善，善事",{"term":494,"text":495,"index":266},"誰敢不勉","誰，誰；敢，敢；不，不；勉，努力",{"term":497,"text":498,"index":270},"多殺何爲","多殺，多殺；何爲，爲什麼",{"term":500,"text":501,"index":274},"宣子說","宣子，人名；說，高興",{"term":503,"text":504,"index":278},"與之乘","與，和；之，他；乘，同乘",{"term":506,"text":507,"index":282},"以言諸公而免之","以，來；言，說；諸，向；公，國君；而，並且；免，赦免；之，他",{"term":509,"text":510,"index":286},"不見叔向而歸","不，不；見，拜見；叔向，人名；而，就；歸，回去",{"term":288,"text":512,"index":290},"叔向，人名；亦，也；不，不；告，告訴；免，赦免；焉，他；而，就；朝，上朝",[514,515,516,517],"欒盈逃亡到楚國。宣子殺死了羊舌虎，囚禁了叔向。有人對叔向說：\"您遭受了罪過，難道不是不明智嗎？\"叔向說：\"和死亡相比怎麼樣？《詩經》說：'悠閒自得，姑且度過歲月。'這是明智的。\"","樂王鮒拜見叔向說：\"我替您請求。\"叔向不回應，出來也不拜謝。那些人都責怪叔向。叔向說：\"必定是祁大夫。\"家臣聽到後說：\"樂王鮒對國君說話沒有不實行的，請求赦免我的主人，我的主人不答應；祁大夫所不能做到的，卻說必定通過他。爲什麼？\"叔向說：\"樂王鮒是順從國君的人，怎麼能實行？祁大夫對外舉薦不拋棄仇人，對內舉薦不失去親人，難道唯獨遺漏我嗎？《詩經》說：'有覺悟的道德品行，四方國家都順從。'先生是有覺悟的人。\"","晉侯向樂王鮒詢問叔向的罪過。樂王鮒回答說：\"不拋棄他的親人，他有罪過。\"","這時祁奚已經年老，聽到這件事，乘坐驛車來拜見宣子，說：\"《詩經》說：'恩惠我們無邊，子孫後代保佑它。'《尚書》說：'聖人有謀略功勳，明證定能保佑。'那些謀劃卻很少有過錯，恩惠教導不厭倦的人，叔向有這些品質，是國家的堅固。尚且將要十代寬恕他，來鼓勵有才能的人。現在一旦不赦免他的性命，來拋棄國家，不是糊塗嗎？鯀被殺死但禹興起；伊尹流放大甲卻輔佐他，最終沒有怨恨的神色；管叔、蔡叔被殺死，周公輔佐周王。爲什麼要因爲羊舌虎而拋棄國家？您做善事，誰敢不努力，多殺爲什麼？\"宣子高興，和他同乘，來向國君說而赦免了他。不拜見叔向就回去，叔向也不告訴赦免他就上朝。",[519,520,521,522],"本文記載的是春秋時期晉國內部政治鬥爭的重要事件。魯襄公二十一年（前552年），欒盈因與範宣子（士匄）發生矛盾而出奔楚國，其黨羽羊舌虎被殺，叔向被囚禁，祁奚挺身而出爲叔向求情。","春秋時期，晉國政治複雜，各大貴族之間經常發生權力鬥爭。欒盈是晉國的重要貴族，與範宣子發生矛盾後被迫出奔。羊舌虎是欒盈的黨羽，被範宣子殺死，而叔向作爲羊舌虎的兄弟也被牽連入獄。","祁奚是晉國的老臣，以公正無私著稱，他\"外舉不棄仇，內舉不失親\"的品格在歷史上傳爲佳話。當他聽說叔向被囚禁後，不顧年老體弱，立即前往爲叔向求情，體現了春秋時期士人的品格和政治智慧。","這一事件反映了春秋時期複雜的政治關係和士人的品格。祁奚的求情不僅救了叔向的性命，也體現了春秋時期政治家的政治智慧和道德品格。",{"overall":524,"features":528,"quotes":533},[525,526,527],"這篇文章是《左傳》中著名的政治文章之一，體現了祁奚的政治智慧和道德品格。文章結構嚴謹，層次分明，通過祁奚爲叔向求情這一具體事件，展現了春秋時期政治家的政治智慧。","文章的語言優美，特別是祁奚的說辭，既委婉又堅定，既謙遜又強硬。他通過巧妙的語言藝術，巧妙地表達了政治立場，體現了春秋時期政治家的語言藝術。","文章的主旨深刻，通過祁奚請免叔向這一具體事件，揭示了春秋時期政治關係的重要性和政治家的政治智慧。",[529,530,531,532],"**結構嚴謹**：文章按照事件發展的順序，層次分明，邏輯清晰。","**語言優美**：全文語言典雅，特別是祁奚的說辭，具有很強的說服力和文學性。","**人物形象鮮明**：祁奚的公正無私、叔向的智慧、樂王鮒的圓滑，都通過簡潔的語言得到了很好的體現。","**政治智慧深刻**：文章不僅記錄了歷史事件，更重要的是體現了深刻的政治智慧。",[534,535],"清·吳楚材、吳調侯《古文觀止》：\"祁奚請免叔向，言政治之要，可謂政治家的智慧。\"","明·歸有光《世宗實錄》：\"此左氏議論之精者，言政治之要，可爲後世法。\"",[537],"左丘明（約前502一前422），春秋末期史學家。左丘明曾任魯國史官，孔子編訂六經，左丘明爲解析六經之一《春秋》而著《左傳》，亦著《國語》。《左傳》《國語》兩書記錄不少西周、春秋的重要史事，史料翔實，文筆生動，具有很高的史學價值。左丘明是中國傳統史學的創始人，被史學界推爲中國史學的開山鼻祖，被譽爲\"百家文字之宗，萬世古文之祖\"\"文宗史聖\"\"經臣史祖\"，孔子、司馬遷均尊左丘明爲\"君子\"。",{"id":539,"name":10,"nameTrad":10,"slug":540,"introduce":541,"dynasty":541},"z8pgmmp60yui66da9c6ddy4uu","zuo-qiu-ming",null,{"slug":543,"title":544,"sortOrder":40},"ju-zhi-bu-qu-yu-jin","驹支不屈于晋",{"slug":546,"title":547,"sortOrder":48},"zi-chan-gao-fan-xuan-zi-qing-bi","子产告范宣子轻币"]