[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archaism-wang-sun-man-dui-chu-zi":3},{"archaism":4,"author":324,"prev":328,"next":331},{"id":5,"slug":6,"title":7,"category":8,"volume":9,"author":10,"paragraphs":11,"notes":14,"translation":171,"background":174,"appreciation":179,"authorIntro":192,"searchText":194,"sortOrder":22,"createdAt":195,"updatedAt":195,"titleTrad":196,"paragraphsTrad":197,"paragraphsPinyin":200,"notesTrad":203,"translationTrad":301,"backgroundTrad":304,"appreciationTrad":309,"authorIntroTrad":322},"arch_f71e40fa2d8b245c809ec83d","wang-sun-man-dui-chu-zi","王孙满对楚子","古文观止","卷二·周文二","左丘明",[12,13],"楚子伐陆浑之戎¹，遂至于雒²，观兵于周疆³。定王使王孙满劳楚子⁴。楚子问鼎之大小轻重焉⁵。","对曰：\"在德不在鼎⁶。昔夏之方有德也⁷，远方图物⁸，贡金九牧⁹，铸鼎象物¹⁰，百物而为之备¹¹，使民知神奸¹²。故民入川泽山林¹³，不逢不若¹⁴。螭魅罔两¹⁵，莫能逢之¹⁶。用能协于上下¹⁷，以承天休¹⁸。桀有昏德¹⁹，鼎迁于商²⁰，载祀六百²¹。商纣暴虐²²，鼎迁于周²³。德之休明²⁴，虽小²⁵，重也²⁶。其奸回昏乱²⁷，虽大²⁸，轻也²⁹。天祚明德³⁰，有所厎止³¹。成王定鼎于郏鄏³²，卜世三十³³，卜年七百³⁴，天所命也³⁵。周德虽衰³⁶，天命未改³⁷。鼎之轻重³⁸，未可问也³⁹。\"",[15,19,23,27,31,35,39,43,47,51,55,59,63,67,71,75,79,83,87,91,95,99,103,107,111,115,119,123,127,131,135,139,143,147,151,155,159,163,167],{"term":16,"text":17,"index":18},"楚子伐陆浑之戎","楚子，楚庄王；伐，攻打；陆浑之戎，戎族的一支",1,{"term":20,"text":21,"index":22},"遂至于雒","遂，于是；至，到达；于，到；雒，洛水",2,{"term":24,"text":25,"index":26},"观兵于周疆","观兵，检阅军队；于，在；周疆，周朝的疆界",3,{"term":28,"text":29,"index":30},"定王使王孙满劳楚子","定王，周定王；使，派；王孙满，人名；劳，慰劳；楚子，楚庄王",4,{"term":32,"text":33,"index":34},"楚子问鼎之大小轻重焉","楚子，楚庄王；问，询问；鼎，九鼎；之，的；大小，大小；轻重，轻重；焉，啊",5,{"term":36,"text":37,"index":38},"在德不在鼎","在，在于；德，德行；不，不；在，在于；鼎，九鼎",6,{"term":40,"text":41,"index":42},"昔夏之方有德也","昔，从前；夏，夏朝；之，的；方，正；有德，有德行；也，啊",7,{"term":44,"text":45,"index":46},"远方图物","远方，远方的国家；图，画；物，物象",8,{"term":48,"text":49,"index":50},"贡金九牧","贡，进贡；金，金属；九牧，九州的长官",9,{"term":52,"text":53,"index":54},"铸鼎象物","铸，铸造；鼎，鼎；象，象征；物，物象",10,{"term":56,"text":57,"index":58},"百物而为之备","百物，各种物象；而，都；为，为；之，它；备，具备",11,{"term":60,"text":61,"index":62},"使民知神奸","使，让；民，民众；知，知道；神奸，神和奸邪",12,{"term":64,"text":65,"index":66},"故民入川泽山林","故，所以；民，民众；入，进入；川泽，河流湖泊；山林，山林",13,{"term":68,"text":69,"index":70},"不逢不若","不，不；逢，遇到；不若，不顺",14,{"term":72,"text":73,"index":74},"螭魅罔两","螭魅，山神；罔两，水神",15,{"term":76,"text":77,"index":78},"莫能逢之","莫，不；能，能够；逢，遇到；之，它们",16,{"term":80,"text":81,"index":82},"用能协于上下","用，因此；能，能够；协，和谐；于，在；上下，上下",17,{"term":84,"text":85,"index":86},"以承天休","以，来；承，承受；天休，上天的福佑",18,{"term":88,"text":89,"index":90},"桀有昏德","桀，夏桀；有，有；昏德，昏乱的德行",19,{"term":92,"text":93,"index":94},"鼎迁于商","鼎，九鼎；迁，迁移；于，到；商，商朝",20,{"term":96,"text":97,"index":98},"载祀六百","载祀，年数；六百，六百年",21,{"term":100,"text":101,"index":102},"商纣暴虐","商纣，商纣王；暴虐，暴虐",22,{"term":104,"text":105,"index":106},"鼎迁于周","鼎，九鼎；迁，迁移；于，到；周，周朝",23,{"term":108,"text":109,"index":110},"德之休明","德，德行；之，的；休明，美好光明",24,{"term":112,"text":113,"index":114},"虽小","虽，虽然；小，小",25,{"term":116,"text":117,"index":118},"重也","重，重；也，啊",26,{"term":120,"text":121,"index":122},"其奸回昏乱","其，如果；奸回，奸邪；昏乱，昏乱",27,{"term":124,"text":125,"index":126},"虽大","虽，虽然；大，大",28,{"term":128,"text":129,"index":130},"轻也","轻，轻；也，啊",29,{"term":132,"text":133,"index":134},"天祚明德","天，上天；祚，赐福；明德，明德",30,{"term":136,"text":137,"index":138},"有所厎止","有，有；所，所；厎止，限度",31,{"term":140,"text":141,"index":142},"成王定鼎于郏鄏","成王，周成王；定鼎，定鼎；于，在；郏鄏，地名",32,{"term":144,"text":145,"index":146},"卜世三十","卜，占卜；世，世代；三十，三十代",33,{"term":148,"text":149,"index":150},"卜年七百","卜，占卜；年，年数；七百，七百年",34,{"term":152,"text":153,"index":154},"天所命也","天，上天；所命，所命令；也，啊",35,{"term":156,"text":157,"index":158},"周德虽衰","周德，周朝的德行；虽，虽然；衰，衰落",36,{"term":160,"text":161,"index":162},"天命未改","天命，上天的命令；未，没有；改，改变",37,{"term":164,"text":165,"index":166},"鼎之轻重","鼎，九鼎；之，的；轻重，轻重",38,{"term":168,"text":169,"index":170},"未可问也","未，不；可，可以；问，询问；也，啊",39,[172,173],"楚庄王攻打陆浑之戎，于是到达洛水，在周朝疆界检阅军队。周定王派王孙满慰劳楚庄王。楚庄王询问九鼎的大小轻重。","王孙满回答说：\"在于德行不在于九鼎。从前夏朝正有德行的时候，远方的国家画物象，九州的长官进贡金属，铸造九鼎象征物象，各种物象都具备，让民众知道神和奸邪。所以民众进入河流湖泊山林，不会遇到不顺。山神水神，都不能遇到。因此能够和谐上下，来承受上天的福佑。夏桀有昏乱的德行，九鼎迁移到商朝，年数六百年。商纣王暴虐，九鼎迁移到周朝。德行美好光明，虽然小，也是重的。如果奸邪昏乱，虽然大，也是轻的。上天赐福明德，有它的限度。周成王在郏鄏定鼎，占卜世代三十代，占卜年数七百年，这是上天所命令的。周朝的德行虽然衰落，上天的命令没有改变。九鼎的轻重，不可以询问。\"",[175,176,177,178],"本文记载的是春秋时期楚庄王问鼎的重要政治事件。鲁宣公三年（前606年），楚庄王攻打陆浑之戎后，到达周朝疆界，向周定王询问九鼎的大小轻重，王孙满以德不在鼎的道理回答。","春秋时期，楚国是南方大国，楚庄王想要称霸诸侯，问鼎中原。九鼎是夏商周三代的传国重器，象征着王权，楚庄王问鼎实际上是在挑战周王室的权威。","王孙满是周朝的大夫，他巧妙地运用外交辞令，通过阐述德不在鼎的道理，维护了周王室的权威。他的回答不仅体现了政治智慧，也展现了春秋时期的价值观念。","这一事件反映了春秋时期复杂的政治关系和价值观念。王孙满的回答不仅维护了周王室的权威，也体现了春秋时期政治家的政治智慧。",{"quotes":180,"overall":183,"features":187},[181,182],"清·吴楚材、吴调侯《古文观止》：\"王孙满对楚子，言政治之要，可谓政治家的智慧。\"","明·归有光《世宗实录》：\"此左氏议论之精者，言政治之要，可为后世法。\"",[184,185,186],"这篇文章是《左传》中著名的政治文章之一，体现了王孙满的政治智慧和外交艺术。文章结构严谨，层次分明，通过王孙满与楚庄王的对话，展现了春秋时期政治家的政治智慧。","文章的语言优美，特别是王孙满的回答，既委婉又坚定，既谦逊又强硬。他通过历史典故和现实分析，巧妙地表达了周王室的立场，体现了春秋时期外交家的语言艺术。","文章的主旨深刻，通过王孙满对楚子这一具体事件，揭示了春秋时期政治关系的重要性和政治家的政治智慧。",[188,189,190,191],"**结构严谨**：文章按照对话的顺序，层次分明，逻辑清晰。","**语言优美**：全文语言典雅，特别是王孙满的外交辞令，具有很强的说服力和文学性。","**人物形象鲜明**：王孙满的智慧、机智，楚庄王的霸气、野心，都通过简洁的语言得到了很好的体现。","**政治智慧深刻**：文章不仅记录了历史事件，更重要的是体现了深刻的政治智慧。",[193],"左丘明（约前502一前422），春秋末期史学家。左丘明曾任鲁国史官，孔子编订六经，左丘明为解析六经之一《春秋》而著《左传》，亦著《国语》。《左传》《国语》两书记录不少西周、春秋的重要史事，史料翔实，文笔生动，具有很高的史学价值。左丘明是中国传统史学的创始人，被史学界推为中国史学的开山鼻祖，被誉为\"百家文字之宗，万世古文之祖\"\"文宗史圣\"\"经臣史祖\"，孔子、司马迁均尊左丘明为\"君子\"。","王孙满对楚子 左丘明 卷二·周文二 楚子伐陆浑之戎¹，遂至于雒²，观兵于周疆³。定王使王孙满劳楚子⁴。楚子问鼎之大小轻重焉⁵。 对曰：\"在德不在鼎⁶。昔夏之方有德也⁷，远方图物⁸，贡金九牧⁹，铸鼎象物¹⁰，百物而为之备¹¹，使民知神奸¹²。故民入川泽山林¹³，不逢不若¹⁴。螭魅罔两¹⁵，莫能逢之¹⁶。用能协于上下¹⁷，以承天休¹⁸。桀有昏德¹⁹，鼎迁于商²⁰，载祀六百²¹。商纣暴虐²²，鼎迁于周²³。德之休明²⁴，虽小²⁵，重也²⁶。其奸回昏乱²⁷，虽大²⁸，轻也²⁹。天祚明德³⁰，有所厎止³¹。成王定鼎于郏鄏³²，卜世三十³³，卜年七百³⁴，天所命也³⁵。周德虽衰³⁶，天命未改³⁷。鼎之轻重³⁸，未可问也³⁹。\" 楚庄王攻打陆浑之戎，于是到达洛水，在周朝疆界检阅军队。周定王派王孙满慰劳楚庄王。楚庄王询问九鼎的大小轻重。 王孙满回答说：\"在于德行不在于九鼎。从前夏朝正有德行的时候，远方的国家画物象，九州的长官进贡金属，铸造九鼎象征物象，各种物象都具备，让民众知道神和奸邪。所以民众进入河流湖泊山林，不会遇到不顺。山神水神，都不能遇到。因此能够和谐上下，来承受上天的福佑。夏桀有昏乱的德行，九鼎迁移到商朝，年数六百年。商纣王暴虐，九鼎迁移到周朝。德行美好光明，虽然小，也是重的。如果奸邪昏乱，虽然大，也是轻的。上天赐福明德，有它的限度。周成王在郏鄏定鼎，占卜世代三十代，占卜年数七百年，这是上天所命令的。周朝的德行虽然衰落，上天的命令没有改变。九鼎的轻重，不可以询问。\"","2026-11-08T00:28:59.383Z","王孫滿對楚子",[198,199],"楚子伐陸渾之戎¹，遂至於雒²，觀兵於周疆³。定王使王孫滿勞楚子⁴。楚子問鼎之大小輕重焉⁵。","對曰：\"在德不在鼎⁶。昔夏之方有德也⁷，遠方圖物⁸，貢金九牧⁹，鑄鼎象物¹⁰，百物而爲之備¹¹，使民知神奸¹²。故民入川澤山林¹³，不逢不若¹⁴。螭魅罔兩¹⁵，莫能逢之¹⁶。用能協於上下¹⁷，以承天休¹⁸。桀有昏德¹⁹，鼎遷於商²⁰，載祀六百²¹。商紂暴虐²²，鼎遷於周²³。德之休明²⁴，雖小²⁵，重也²⁶。其奸回昏亂²⁷，雖大²⁸，輕也²⁹。天祚明德³⁰，有所厎止³¹。成王定鼎於郟鄏³²，卜世三十³³，卜年七百³⁴，天所命也³⁵。周德雖衰³⁶，天命未改³⁷。鼎之輕重³⁸，未可問也³⁹。\"",[201,202],"chǔ zǐ fá lù hún zhī róng ¹ ， suì zhì yú luò ² ， guān bīng yú zhōu jiāng ³ 。 dìng wáng shǐ wáng sūn mǎn láo chǔ zǐ ⁴ 。 chǔ zǐ wèn dǐng zhī dà xiǎo qīng zhòng yān ⁵ 。","duì yuē ： \" zài dé bú zài dǐng ⁶ 。 xī xià zhī fāng yǒu dé yě ⁷ ， yuǎn fāng tú wù ⁸ ， gòng jīn jiǔ mù ⁹ ， zhù dǐng xiàng wù ¹ ⁰ ， bǎi wù ér wèi zhī bèi ¹ ¹ ， shǐ mín zhī shén jiān ¹ ² 。 gù mín rù chuān zé shān lín ¹ ³ ， bù féng bú ruò ¹ ⁴ 。 chī mèi wǎng liǎng ¹ ⁵ ， mò néng féng zhī ¹ ⁶ 。 yòng néng xié yú shàng xià ¹ ⁷ ， yǐ chéng tiān xiū ¹ ⁸ 。 jié yǒu hūn dé ¹ ⁹ ， dǐng qiān yú shāng ² ⁰ ， zǎi sì liù bǎi ² ¹ 。 shāng zhòu bào nüè ² ² ， dǐng qiān yú zhōu ² ³ 。 dé zhī xiū míng ² ⁴ ， suī xiǎo ² ⁵ ， zhòng yě ² ⁶ 。 qí jiān huí hūn luàn ² ⁷ ， suī dà ² ⁸ ， qīng yě ² ⁹ 。 tiān zuò míng dé ³ ⁰ ， yǒu suǒ dǐ zhǐ ³ ¹ 。 chéng wáng dìng dǐng yú jiá rǔ ³ ² ， bǔ shì sān shí ³ ³ ， bǔ nián qī bǎi ³ ⁴ ， tiān suǒ mìng yě ³ ⁵ 。 zhōu dé suī shuāi ³ ⁶ ， tiān mìng wèi gǎi ³ ⁷ 。 dǐng zhī qīng zhòng ³ ⁸ ， wèi kě wèn yě ³ ⁹ 。 \"",[204,207,210,213,216,219,221,223,226,229,232,235,237,240,242,245,247,250,252,254,257,260,263,266,267,270,271,274,277,280,282,283,286,287,289,290,293,295,298],{"term":205,"text":206,"index":18},"楚子伐陸渾之戎","楚子，楚莊王；伐，攻打；陸渾之戎，戎族的一支",{"term":208,"text":209,"index":22},"遂至於雒","遂，於是；至，到達；於，到；雒，洛水",{"term":211,"text":212,"index":26},"觀兵於周疆","觀兵，檢閱軍隊；於，在；周疆，周朝的疆界",{"term":214,"text":215,"index":30},"定王使王孫滿勞楚子","定王，周定王；使，派；王孫滿，人名；勞，慰勞；楚子，楚莊王",{"term":217,"text":218,"index":34},"楚子問鼎之大小輕重焉","楚子，楚莊王；問，詢問；鼎，九鼎；之，的；大小，大小；輕重，輕重；焉，啊",{"term":36,"text":220,"index":38},"在，在於；德，德行；不，不；在，在於；鼎，九鼎",{"term":40,"text":222,"index":42},"昔，從前；夏，夏朝；之，的；方，正；有德，有德行；也，啊",{"term":224,"text":225,"index":46},"遠方圖物","遠方，遠方的國家；圖，畫；物，物象",{"term":227,"text":228,"index":50},"貢金九牧","貢，進貢；金，金屬；九牧，九州的長官",{"term":230,"text":231,"index":54},"鑄鼎象物","鑄，鑄造；鼎，鼎；象，象徵；物，物象",{"term":233,"text":234,"index":58},"百物而爲之備","百物，各種物象；而，都；爲，爲；之，它；備，具備",{"term":60,"text":236,"index":62},"使，讓；民，民衆；知，知道；神奸，神和姦邪",{"term":238,"text":239,"index":66},"故民入川澤山林","故，所以；民，民衆；入，進入；川澤，河流湖泊；山林，山林",{"term":68,"text":241,"index":70},"不，不；逢，遇到；不若，不順",{"term":243,"text":244,"index":74},"螭魅罔兩","螭魅，山神；罔兩，水神",{"term":76,"text":246,"index":78},"莫，不；能，能夠；逢，遇到；之，它們",{"term":248,"text":249,"index":82},"用能協於上下","用，因此；能，能夠；協，和諧；於，在；上下，上下",{"term":84,"text":251,"index":86},"以，來；承，承受；天休，上天的福佑",{"term":88,"text":253,"index":90},"桀，夏桀；有，有；昏德，昏亂的德行",{"term":255,"text":256,"index":94},"鼎遷於商","鼎，九鼎；遷，遷移；於，到；商，商朝",{"term":258,"text":259,"index":98},"載祀六百","載祀，年數；六百，六百年",{"term":261,"text":262,"index":102},"商紂暴虐","商紂，商紂王；暴虐，暴虐",{"term":264,"text":265,"index":106},"鼎遷於周","鼎，九鼎；遷，遷移；於，到；周，周朝",{"term":108,"text":109,"index":110},{"term":268,"text":269,"index":114},"雖小","雖，雖然；小，小",{"term":116,"text":117,"index":118},{"term":272,"text":273,"index":122},"其奸回昏亂","其，如果；奸回，奸邪；昏亂，昏亂",{"term":275,"text":276,"index":126},"雖大","雖，雖然；大，大",{"term":278,"text":279,"index":130},"輕也","輕，輕；也，啊",{"term":132,"text":281,"index":134},"天，上天；祚，賜福；明德，明德",{"term":136,"text":137,"index":138},{"term":284,"text":285,"index":142},"成王定鼎於郟鄏","成王，周成王；定鼎，定鼎；於，在；郟鄏，地名",{"term":144,"text":145,"index":146},{"term":148,"text":288,"index":150},"卜，占卜；年，年數；七百，七百年",{"term":152,"text":153,"index":154},{"term":291,"text":292,"index":158},"周德雖衰","周德，周朝的德行；雖，雖然；衰，衰落",{"term":160,"text":294,"index":162},"天命，上天的命令；未，沒有；改，改變",{"term":296,"text":297,"index":166},"鼎之輕重","鼎，九鼎；之，的；輕重，輕重",{"term":299,"text":300,"index":170},"未可問也","未，不；可，可以；問，詢問；也，啊",[302,303],"楚莊王攻打陸渾之戎，於是到達洛水，在周朝疆界檢閱軍隊。周定王派王孫滿慰勞楚莊王。楚莊王詢問九鼎的大小輕重。","王孫滿回答說：\"在於德行不在於九鼎。從前夏朝正有德行的時候，遠方的國家畫物象，九州的長官進貢金屬，鑄造九鼎象徵物象，各種物象都具備，讓民衆知道神和姦邪。所以民衆進入河流湖泊山林，不會遇到不順。山神水神，都不能遇到。因此能夠和諧上下，來承受上天的福佑。夏桀有昏亂的德行，九鼎遷移到商朝，年數六百年。商紂王暴虐，九鼎遷移到周朝。德行美好光明，雖然小，也是重的。如果奸邪昏亂，雖然大，也是輕的。上天賜福明德，有它的限度。周成王在郟鄏定鼎，占卜世代三十代，占卜年數七百年，這是上天所命令的。周朝的德行雖然衰落，上天的命令沒有改變。九鼎的輕重，不可以詢問。\"",[305,306,307,308],"本文記載的是春秋時期楚莊王問鼎的重要政治事件。魯宣公三年（前606年），楚莊王攻打陸渾之戎後，到達周朝疆界，向周定王詢問九鼎的大小輕重，王孫滿以德不在鼎的道理回答。","春秋時期，楚國是南方大國，楚莊王想要稱霸諸侯，問鼎中原。九鼎是夏商周三代的傳國重器，象徵着王權，楚莊王問鼎實際上是在挑戰周王室的權威。","王孫滿是周朝的大夫，他巧妙地運用外交辭令，通過闡述德不在鼎的道理，維護了周王室的權威。他的回答不僅體現了政治智慧，也展現了春秋時期的價值觀念。","這一事件反映了春秋時期複雜的政治關係和價值觀念。王孫滿的回答不僅維護了周王室的權威，也體現了春秋時期政治家的政治智慧。",{"overall":310,"features":314,"quotes":319},[311,312,313],"這篇文章是《左傳》中著名的政治文章之一，體現了王孫滿的政治智慧和外交藝術。文章結構嚴謹，層次分明，通過王孫滿與楚莊王的對話，展現了春秋時期政治家的政治智慧。","文章的語言優美，特別是王孫滿的回答，既委婉又堅定，既謙遜又強硬。他通過歷史典故和現實分析，巧妙地表達了周王室的立場，體現了春秋時期外交家的語言藝術。","文章的主旨深刻，通過王孫滿對楚子這一具體事件，揭示了春秋時期政治關係的重要性和政治家的政治智慧。",[315,316,317,318],"**結構嚴謹**：文章按照對話的順序，層次分明，邏輯清晰。","**語言優美**：全文語言典雅，特別是王孫滿的外交辭令，具有很強的說服力和文學性。","**人物形象鮮明**：王孫滿的智慧、機智，楚莊王的霸氣、野心，都通過簡潔的語言得到了很好的體現。","**政治智慧深刻**：文章不僅記錄了歷史事件，更重要的是體現了深刻的政治智慧。",[320,321],"清·吳楚材、吳調侯《古文觀止》：\"王孫滿對楚子，言政治之要，可謂政治家的智慧。\"","明·歸有光《世宗實錄》：\"此左氏議論之精者，言政治之要，可爲後世法。\"",[323],"左丘明（約前502一前422），春秋末期史學家。左丘明曾任魯國史官，孔子編訂六經，左丘明爲解析六經之一《春秋》而著《左傳》，亦著《國語》。《左傳》《國語》兩書記錄不少西周、春秋的重要史事，史料翔實，文筆生動，具有很高的史學價值。左丘明是中國傳統史學的創始人，被史學界推爲中國史學的開山鼻祖，被譽爲\"百家文字之宗，萬世古文之祖\"\"文宗史聖\"\"經臣史祖\"，孔子、司馬遷均尊左丘明爲\"君子\"。",{"id":325,"name":10,"nameTrad":10,"slug":326,"introduce":327,"dynasty":327},"z8pgmmp60yui66da9c6ddy4uu","zuo-qiu-ming",null,{"slug":329,"title":330,"sortOrder":18},"zheng-zi-jia-gao-zhao-xuan-zi","郑子家告赵宣子",{"slug":332,"title":333,"sortOrder":26},"qi-guo-zuo-bu-ru-ming","齐国佐不辱命"]