[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archaism-zang-xi-bo-jian-guan-yu":3},{"archaism":4,"author":311,"prev":315,"next":318},{"id":5,"slug":6,"title":7,"category":8,"volume":9,"author":10,"paragraphs":11,"notes":15,"translation":168,"background":172,"appreciation":176,"authorIntro":189,"searchText":191,"sortOrder":31,"createdAt":192,"updatedAt":192,"titleTrad":193,"paragraphsTrad":194,"paragraphsPinyin":198,"notesTrad":202,"translationTrad":288,"backgroundTrad":292,"appreciationTrad":296,"authorIntroTrad":309},"arch_4ca4fbe653f0ea74aa068eb2","zang-xi-bo-jian-guan-yu","臧僖伯谏观鱼","古文观止","卷一·周文一","左丘明",[12,13,14],"春¹，公²将如³棠⁴观鱼⁵者。臧僖伯谏曰：\"凡物不足以讲⁶大事⁷，其材⁸不足以备器用⁹，则君不举¹⁰焉。君将纳¹¹民于轨物¹²者也。故讲事以度¹³轨量¹⁴，谓之'轨'；取材以章¹⁵物采¹⁶，谓之'物'。不轨不物，谓之乱政。乱政亟¹⁷行，所以败也。故春蒐¹⁸、夏苗¹⁹、秋狝²⁰、冬狩²¹，皆于农隙以讲事也。三年而治兵²²，入而振旅²³，归而饮至²⁴，以数军实²⁵。昭文章²⁶，明贵贱，辨等列，顺少长，习威仪也。鸟兽之肉不登²⁷于俎²⁸，皮革、齿牙、角骨、毛羽不登于器，则君不射²⁹，古之制也。若夫山林³⁰川泽³¹之实，器用之资³²，皂隶³³之事，官司之守，非君所及也。\"","公曰：\"吾将略地³⁴焉。\"遂往，陈³⁵鱼而观之。僖伯称³⁶疾不从。","书³⁷曰：\"公矢³⁸鱼于棠。\"非礼也，且言远地也。",[16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,68,72,76,80,84,88,92,96,100,104,108,112,116,120,124,128,132,136,140,144,148,152,156,160,164],{"term":17,"text":18,"index":19},"春","春季",1,{"term":21,"text":22,"index":23},"公","指鲁隐公",2,{"term":25,"text":26,"index":27},"如","到，往",3,{"term":29,"text":30,"index":31},"棠","地名，在今山东鱼台县",4,{"term":33,"text":34,"index":35},"观鱼","观看捕鱼",5,{"term":37,"text":38,"index":39},"讲","讲习，练习",6,{"term":41,"text":42,"index":43},"大事","指祭祀和战争",7,{"term":45,"text":46,"index":47},"材","材料",8,{"term":49,"text":50,"index":51},"器用","器具用品",9,{"term":53,"text":54,"index":55},"举","举行，进行",10,{"term":57,"text":58,"index":59},"纳","引导，规范",11,{"term":61,"text":62,"index":63},"轨物","法度和礼制",12,{"term":65,"text":66,"index":67},"度","衡量，测量",13,{"term":69,"text":70,"index":71},"轨量","法度标准",14,{"term":73,"text":74,"index":75},"章","彰显，显示",15,{"term":77,"text":78,"index":79},"物采","物品的色彩",16,{"term":81,"text":82,"index":83},"亟","屡次，频繁",17,{"term":85,"text":86,"index":87},"春蒐","春季打猎",18,{"term":89,"text":90,"index":91},"夏苗","夏季打猎",19,{"term":93,"text":94,"index":95},"秋狝","秋季打猎",20,{"term":97,"text":98,"index":99},"冬狩","冬季打猎",21,{"term":101,"text":102,"index":103},"治兵","训练军队",22,{"term":105,"text":106,"index":107},"振旅","整顿军队",23,{"term":109,"text":110,"index":111},"饮至","凯旋后饮酒庆祝",24,{"term":113,"text":114,"index":115},"军实","战利品",25,{"term":117,"text":118,"index":119},"文章","文采，这里指礼仪制度",26,{"term":121,"text":122,"index":123},"登","放置",27,{"term":125,"text":126,"index":127},"俎","祭祀用的礼器",28,{"term":129,"text":130,"index":131},"射","射猎",29,{"term":133,"text":134,"index":135},"山林","山岭和森林",30,{"term":137,"text":138,"index":139},"川泽","河流和湖泊",31,{"term":141,"text":142,"index":143},"资","材料，资源",32,{"term":145,"text":146,"index":147},"皂隶","奴仆，下人",33,{"term":149,"text":150,"index":151},"略地","巡视边境",34,{"term":153,"text":154,"index":155},"陈","陈列，展示",35,{"term":157,"text":158,"index":159},"称","声称，借口",36,{"term":161,"text":162,"index":163},"书","史书记载",37,{"term":165,"text":166,"index":167},"矢","通\"施\"，陈列",38,[169,170,171],"春季，鲁隐公准备到棠地观看捕鱼。臧僖伯劝谏说：\"凡是物品不足以用来讲习大事，它的材料不足以用来制作器具，那么君主就不应该举行这样的活动。君主是引导民众遵循法度和礼制的人。所以讲习大事来制定法度标准，叫做'轨'；选取材料来彰显物品的色彩，叫做'物'。不轨不物，就叫做乱政。乱政频繁施行，这就是败亡的原因。所以春蒐、夏苗、秋狝、冬狩，都是在农闲时节用来讲习大事的。每三年训练一次军队，回来时整顿军队，凯旋后饮酒庆祝，用来清点战利品。彰显礼仪制度，明确贵贱等级，辨别等级次序，理顺长幼关系，练习威仪。鸟兽的肉不放在俎上，皮革、牙齿、角骨、毛羽不放在器具上，那么君主就不射猎，这是古代的制度。至于山林川泽的物产，器具用品的材料，那是奴仆的事情，官吏的职责，不是君主应该过问的。\"","隐公说：\"我要去巡视边境。\"于是前往棠地，陈列鱼而观看。臧僖伯称病不跟随。","史书记载说：\"隐公在棠地陈列鱼。\"这是不合礼制的，而且说明他去了很远的地方。",[173,174,175],"本文记载的是春秋时期鲁国的一场政治事件。鲁隐公五年（前718年），鲁隐公准备到棠地观看捕鱼，大夫臧僖伯认为这是不合礼制的行为，因此进行劝谏。","春秋时期，礼制是维护社会秩序的重要工具。君主的一举一动都要符合礼制规范，不能随意行事。观看捕鱼虽然看似小事，但在臧僖伯看来，这种行为不符合君主应该遵循的礼制，因此极力劝阻。","这一事件反映了春秋时期礼制思想的重要地位，以及贤臣对君主的规劝作用。臧僖伯的谏言体现了古代政治家的礼制观念和治国理念。",{"quotes":177,"overall":180,"features":184},[178,179],"清·吴楚材、吴调侯《古文观止》：\"臧僖伯谏观鱼，言简而意深，可谓忠臣之言。\"","明·归有光《世宗实录》：\"此左氏议论之精者，言简而意深，可为后世法。\"",[181,182,183],"这篇文章虽然篇幅不长，但结构完整，层次分明。文章分为三个部分：第一部分叙述事件的起因；第二部分详细记录臧僖伯的谏言；第三部分交代事件的结果。","文章的语言简洁有力，特别是臧僖伯的谏言部分，逻辑严密，说理透彻。他不仅指出了问题的根源，还提出了正确的治国理念，体现了古代政治家的智慧。","文章的主旨深刻，通过臧僖伯谏观鱼这一具体事件，揭示了春秋时期礼制思想的重要地位，强调了君主应该遵循礼制规范的重要性。",[185,186,187,188],"**结构严谨**：文章按照事件发展的顺序，从起因到过程，再到结果，层次分明，逻辑清晰。","**语言精练**：全文语言简洁有力，没有多余的修饰，特别是臧僖伯的谏言，字字珠玑，句句在理。","**说理透彻**：臧僖伯的谏言运用了对比的手法，通过\"轨\"和\"物\"的对比，突出了礼制的重要性。","**人物形象鲜明**：臧僖伯的忠直、隐公的固执，都通过简洁的语言得到了很好的体现。",[190],"左丘明（约前502一前422），春秋末期史学家。左丘明曾任鲁国史官，孔子编订六经，左丘明为解析六经之一《春秋》而著《左传》，亦著《国语》。《左传》《国语》两书记录不少西周、春秋的重要史事，史料翔实，文笔生动，具有很高的史学价值。左丘明是中国传统史学的创始人，被史学界推为中国史学的开山鼻祖，被誉为\"百家文字之宗，万世古文之祖\"\"文宗史圣\"\"经臣史祖\"，孔子、司马迁均尊左丘明为\"君子\"。","臧僖伯谏观鱼 左丘明 卷一·周文一 春¹，公²将如³棠⁴观鱼⁵者。臧僖伯谏曰：\"凡物不足以讲⁶大事⁷，其材⁸不足以备器用⁹，则君不举¹⁰焉。君将纳¹¹民于轨物¹²者也。故讲事以度¹³轨量¹⁴，谓之'轨'；取材以章¹⁵物采¹⁶，谓之'物'。不轨不物，谓之乱政。乱政亟¹⁷行，所以败也。故春蒐¹⁸、夏苗¹⁹、秋狝²⁰、冬狩²¹，皆于农隙以讲事也。三年而治兵²²，入而振旅²³，归而饮至²⁴，以数军实²⁵。昭文章²⁶，明贵贱，辨等列，顺少长，习威仪也。鸟兽之肉不登²⁷于俎²⁸，皮革、齿牙、角骨、毛羽不登于器，则君不射²⁹，古之制也。若夫山林³⁰川泽³¹之实，器用之资³²，皂隶³³之事，官司之守，非君所及也。\" 公曰：\"吾将略地³⁴焉。\"遂往，陈³⁵鱼而观之。僖伯称³⁶疾不从。 书³⁷曰：\"公矢³⁸鱼于棠。\"非礼也，且言远地也。 春季，鲁隐公准备到棠地观看捕鱼。臧僖伯劝谏说：\"凡是物品不足以用来讲习大事，它的材料不足以用来制作器具，那么君主就不应该举行这样的活动。君主是引导民众遵循法度和礼制的人。所以讲习大事来制定法度标准，叫做'轨'；选取材料来彰显物品的色彩，叫做'物'。不轨不物，就叫做乱政。乱政频繁施行，这就是败亡的原因。所以春蒐、夏苗、秋狝、冬狩，都是在农闲时节用来讲习大事的。每三年训练一次军队，回来时整顿军队，凯旋后饮酒庆祝，用来清点战利品。彰显礼仪制度，明确贵贱等级，辨别等级次序，理顺长幼关系，练习威仪。鸟兽的肉不放在俎上，皮革、牙齿、角骨、毛羽不放在器具上，那么君主就不射猎，这是古代的制度。至于山林川泽的物产，器具用品的材料，那是奴仆的事情，官吏的职责，不是君主应该过问的。\" 隐公说：\"我要去巡视边境。\"于是前往棠地，陈列鱼而观看。臧僖伯称病不跟随。 史书记载说：\"隐公在棠地陈列鱼。\"这是不合礼制的，而且说明他去了很远的地方。","2026-11-08T00:28:59.383Z","臧僖伯諫觀魚",[195,196,197],"春¹，公²將如³棠⁴觀魚⁵者。臧僖伯諫曰：\"凡物不足以講⁶大事⁷，其材⁸不足以備器用⁹，則君不舉¹⁰焉。君將納¹¹民於軌物¹²者也。故講事以度¹³軌量¹⁴，謂之'軌'；取材以章¹⁵物採¹⁶，謂之'物'。不軌不物，謂之亂政。亂政亟¹⁷行，所以敗也。故春蒐¹⁸、夏苗¹⁹、秋獮²⁰、冬狩²¹，皆於農隙以講事也。三年而治兵²²，入而振旅²³，歸而飲至²⁴，以數軍實²⁵。昭文章²⁶，明貴賤，辨等列，順少長，習威儀也。鳥獸之肉不登²⁷於俎²⁸，皮革、齒牙、角骨、毛羽不登於器，則君不射²⁹，古之制也。若夫山林³⁰川澤³¹之實，器用之資³²，皁隸³³之事，官司之守，非君所及也。\"","公曰：\"吾將略地³⁴焉。\"遂往，陳³⁵魚而觀之。僖伯稱³⁶疾不從。","書³⁷曰：\"公矢³⁸魚於棠。\"非禮也，且言遠地也。",[199,200,201],"chūn ¹ ， gōng ² jiāng rú ³ táng ⁴ guān yú ⁵ zhě 。 zāng xī bó jiàn yuē ： \" fán wù bù zú yǐ jiǎng ⁶ dà shì ⁷ ， qí cái ⁸ bù zú yǐ bèi qì yòng ⁹ ， zé jūn bù jǔ ¹ ⁰ yān 。 jūn jiāng nà ¹ ¹ mín yú guǐ wù ¹ ² zhě yě 。 gù jiǎng shì yǐ dù ¹ ³ guǐ liáng ¹ ⁴ ， wèi zhī ' guǐ ' ； qǔ cái yǐ zhāng ¹ ⁵ wù cǎi ¹ ⁶ ， wèi zhī ' wù ' 。 bù guǐ bú wù ， wèi zhī luàn zhèng 。 luàn zhèng jí ¹ ⁷ xíng ， suǒ yǐ bài yě 。 gù chūn sōu ¹ ⁸ 、 xià miáo ¹ ⁹ 、 qiū xiǎn ² ⁰ 、 dōng shòu ² ¹ ， jiē yú nóng xì yǐ jiǎng shì yě 。 sān nián ér zhì bīng ² ² ， rù ér zhèn lǚ ² ³ ， guī ér yǐn zhì ² ⁴ ， yǐ shù jūn shí ² ⁵ 。 zhāo wén zhāng ² ⁶ ， míng guì jiàn ， biàn děng liè ， shùn shǎo cháng ， xí wēi yí yě 。 niǎo shòu zhī ròu bù dēng ² ⁷ yú zǔ ² ⁸ ， pí gé 、 chǐ yá 、 jiǎo gǔ 、 máo yǔ bù dēng yú qì ， zé jūn bú shè ² ⁹ ， gǔ zhī zhì yě 。 ruò fū shān lín ³ ⁰ chuān zé ³ ¹ zhī shí ， qì yòng zhī zī ³ ² ， zào lì ³ ³ zhī shì ， guān sī zhī shǒu ， fēi jūn suǒ jí yě 。 \"","gōng yuē ： \" wú jiāng lüè dì ³ ⁴ yān 。 \" suì wǎng ， chén ³ ⁵ yú ér guān zhī 。 xī bó chēng ³ ⁶ jí bù cóng 。","shū ³ ⁷ yuē ： \" gōng shǐ ³ ⁸ yú yú táng 。 \" fēi lǐ yě ， qiě yán yuǎn dì yě 。",[203,204,206,207,209,212,215,217,218,219,222,225,228,230,233,235,237,239,241,243,246,248,250,252,255,258,260,261,263,265,267,269,272,275,277,280,283,286],{"term":17,"text":18,"index":19},{"term":21,"text":205,"index":23},"指魯隱公",{"term":25,"text":26,"index":27},{"term":29,"text":208,"index":31},"地名，在今山東魚臺縣",{"term":210,"text":211,"index":35},"觀魚","觀看捕魚",{"term":213,"text":214,"index":39},"講","講習，練習",{"term":41,"text":216,"index":43},"指祭祀和戰爭",{"term":45,"text":46,"index":47},{"term":49,"text":50,"index":51},{"term":220,"text":221,"index":55},"舉","舉行，進行",{"term":223,"text":224,"index":59},"納","引導，規範",{"term":226,"text":227,"index":63},"軌物","法度和禮制",{"term":65,"text":229,"index":67},"衡量，測量",{"term":231,"text":232,"index":71},"軌量","法度標準",{"term":73,"text":234,"index":75},"彰顯，顯示",{"term":236,"text":78,"index":79},"物採",{"term":81,"text":238,"index":83},"屢次，頻繁",{"term":85,"text":240,"index":87},"春季打獵",{"term":89,"text":242,"index":91},"夏季打獵",{"term":244,"text":245,"index":95},"秋獮","秋季打獵",{"term":97,"text":247,"index":99},"冬季打獵",{"term":101,"text":249,"index":103},"訓練軍隊",{"term":105,"text":251,"index":107},"整頓軍隊",{"term":253,"text":254,"index":111},"飲至","凱旋後飲酒慶祝",{"term":256,"text":257,"index":115},"軍實","戰利品",{"term":117,"text":259,"index":119},"文采，這裏指禮儀制度",{"term":121,"text":122,"index":123},{"term":125,"text":262,"index":127},"祭祀用的禮器",{"term":129,"text":264,"index":131},"射獵",{"term":133,"text":266,"index":135},"山嶺和森林",{"term":268,"text":138,"index":139},"川澤",{"term":270,"text":271,"index":143},"資","材料，資源",{"term":273,"text":274,"index":147},"皁隸","奴僕，下人",{"term":149,"text":276,"index":151},"巡視邊境",{"term":278,"text":279,"index":155},"陳","陳列，展示",{"term":281,"text":282,"index":159},"稱","聲稱，藉口",{"term":284,"text":285,"index":163},"書","史書記載",{"term":165,"text":287,"index":167},"通\"施\"，陳列",[289,290,291],"春季，魯隱公準備到棠地觀看捕魚。臧僖伯勸諫說：\"凡是物品不足以用來講習大事，它的材料不足以用來製作器具，那麼君主就不應該舉行這樣的活動。君主是引導民衆遵循法度和禮制的人。所以講習大事來制定法度標準，叫做'軌'；選取材料來彰顯物品的色彩，叫做'物'。不軌不物，就叫做亂政。亂政頻繁施行，這就是敗亡的原因。所以春蒐、夏苗、秋獮、冬狩，都是在農閒時節用來講習大事的。每三年訓練一次軍隊，回來時整頓軍隊，凱旋後飲酒慶祝，用來清點戰利品。彰顯禮儀制度，明確貴賤等級，辨別等級次序，理順長幼關係，練習威儀。鳥獸的肉不放在俎上，皮革、牙齒、角骨、毛羽不放在器具上，那麼君主就不射獵，這是古代的制度。至於山林川澤的物產，器具用品的材料，那是奴僕的事情，官吏的職責，不是君主應該過問的。\"","隱公說：\"我要去巡視邊境。\"於是前往棠地，陳列魚而觀看。臧僖伯稱病不跟隨。","史書記載說：\"隱公在棠地陳列魚。\"這是不合禮制的，而且說明他去了很遠的地方。",[293,294,295],"本文記載的是春秋時期魯國的一場政治事件。魯隱公五年（前718年），魯隱公準備到棠地觀看捕魚，大夫臧僖伯認爲這是不合禮制的行爲，因此進行勸諫。","春秋時期，禮制是維護社會秩序的重要工具。君主的一舉一動都要符合禮制規範，不能隨意行事。觀看捕魚雖然看似小事，但在臧僖伯看來，這種行爲不符合君主應該遵循的禮制，因此極力勸阻。","這一事件反映了春秋時期禮制思想的重要地位，以及賢臣對君主的規勸作用。臧僖伯的諫言體現了古代政治家的禮制觀念和治國理念。",{"overall":297,"features":301,"quotes":306},[298,299,300],"這篇文章雖然篇幅不長，但結構完整，層次分明。文章分爲三個部分：第一部分敘述事件的起因；第二部分詳細記錄臧僖伯的諫言；第三部分交代事件的結果。","文章的語言簡潔有力，特別是臧僖伯的諫言部分，邏輯嚴密，說理透徹。他不僅指出了問題的根源，還提出了正確的治國理念，體現了古代政治家的智慧。","文章的主旨深刻，通過臧僖伯諫觀魚這一具體事件，揭示了春秋時期禮制思想的重要地位，強調了君主應該遵循禮制規範的重要性。",[302,303,304,305],"**結構嚴謹**：文章按照事件發展的順序，從起因到過程，再到結果，層次分明，邏輯清晰。","**語言精練**：全文語言簡潔有力，沒有多餘的修飾，特別是臧僖伯的諫言，字字珠璣，句句在理。","**說理透徹**：臧僖伯的諫言運用了對比的手法，通過\"軌\"和\"物\"的對比，突出了禮制的重要性。","**人物形象鮮明**：臧僖伯的忠直、隱公的固執，都通過簡潔的語言得到了很好的體現。",[307,308],"清·吳楚材、吳調侯《古文觀止》：\"臧僖伯諫觀魚，言簡而意深，可謂忠臣之言。\"","明·歸有光《世宗實錄》：\"此左氏議論之精者，言簡而意深，可爲後世法。\"",[310],"左丘明（約前502一前422），春秋末期史學家。左丘明曾任魯國史官，孔子編訂六經，左丘明爲解析六經之一《春秋》而著《左傳》，亦著《國語》。《左傳》《國語》兩書記錄不少西周、春秋的重要史事，史料翔實，文筆生動，具有很高的史學價值。左丘明是中國傳統史學的創始人，被史學界推爲中國史學的開山鼻祖，被譽爲\"百家文字之宗，萬世古文之祖\"\"文宗史聖\"\"經臣史祖\"，孔子、司馬遷均尊左丘明爲\"君子\"。",{"id":312,"name":10,"nameTrad":10,"slug":313,"introduce":314,"dynasty":314},"z8pgmmp60yui66da9c6ddy4uu","zuo-qiu-ming",null,{"slug":316,"title":317,"sortOrder":27},"shi-que-jian-chong-zhou-xu","石碏谏宠州吁",{"slug":319,"title":320,"sortOrder":35},"zheng-zhuang-gong-jie-chi-shou-chen","郑庄公戒饬守臣"]