[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archaism-zhou-zheng-jiao-zhi":3},{"archaism":4,"author":329,"prev":333,"next":336},{"id":5,"slug":6,"title":7,"category":8,"volume":9,"author":10,"paragraphs":11,"notes":15,"translation":181,"background":185,"appreciation":189,"authorIntro":202,"searchText":204,"sortOrder":23,"createdAt":205,"updatedAt":205,"titleTrad":206,"paragraphsTrad":207,"paragraphsPinyin":211,"notesTrad":215,"translationTrad":306,"backgroundTrad":310,"appreciationTrad":314,"authorIntroTrad":327},"arch_3b363b5506bccf2b9d6b04a8","zhou-zheng-jiao-zhi","周郑交质","古文观止","卷一·周文一","左丘明",[12,13,14],"郑武公¹、庄公²为平王³卿士⁴。王贰⁵于虢⁶，郑伯⁷怨王。王曰：\"无之。\"故周郑交质⁸。王子狐⁹为质¹⁰于郑，郑公子忽¹¹为质于周。","王崩¹²，周人将畀¹³虢公政¹⁴。四月，郑祭足¹⁵帅师¹⁶取温¹⁷之麦。秋，又取成周¹⁸之禾¹⁹。周郑交恶²⁰。","君子²¹曰：\"信不由中²²，质无益也。明恕²³而行，要²⁴之以礼，虽无有质，谁能间²⁵之？苟有明信²⁶，涧溪沼沚²⁷之毛²⁸，蘋蘩²⁹蕴藻³⁰之菜³¹，筐筥³²錡釜³³之器³⁴，潢污³⁵行潦³⁶之水³⁷，可荐³⁸于鬼神，可羞³⁹于王公，而况君子结二国之信，行之以礼，又焉用质？《风》有《采蘩》、《采蘋》⁴⁰，《雅》有《行苇》、《泂酌》⁴¹，昭⁴²忠信也。\"",[16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,68,72,76,80,84,88,92,96,100,104,108,112,116,120,124,128,132,135,139,143,147,151,155,159,162,166,169,173,177],{"term":17,"text":18,"index":19},"郑武公","郑国国君，名掘突，谥号武",1,{"term":21,"text":22,"index":23},"庄公","郑庄公，名寤生，郑武公之子",2,{"term":25,"text":26,"index":27},"平王","周平王，名宜臼，东周第一代天子",3,{"term":29,"text":30,"index":31},"卿士","周王室的执政大臣",4,{"term":33,"text":34,"index":35},"贰","有二心，背叛",5,{"term":37,"text":38,"index":39},"虢","指西虢公，周王室的大臣",6,{"term":41,"text":42,"index":43},"郑伯","指郑庄公",7,{"term":45,"text":46,"index":47},"交质","互相交换人质",8,{"term":49,"text":50,"index":51},"王子狐","周平王的儿子，名狐",9,{"term":53,"text":54,"index":55},"质","人质",10,{"term":57,"text":58,"index":59},"公子忽","郑庄公的儿子，名忽",11,{"term":61,"text":62,"index":63},"崩","天子死称崩",12,{"term":65,"text":66,"index":67},"畀","给予，授予",13,{"term":69,"text":70,"index":71},"政","政权，执政",14,{"term":73,"text":74,"index":75},"祭足","郑国大夫，字仲",15,{"term":77,"text":78,"index":79},"帅师","率领军队",16,{"term":81,"text":82,"index":83},"温","地名，在今河南温县",17,{"term":85,"text":86,"index":87},"成周","地名，在今河南洛阳",18,{"term":89,"text":90,"index":91},"禾","谷物，粮食",19,{"term":93,"text":94,"index":95},"交恶","关系恶化，互相仇视",20,{"term":97,"text":98,"index":99},"君子","道德高尚的人，这里指作者",21,{"term":101,"text":102,"index":103},"信不由中","诚信不是发自内心",22,{"term":105,"text":106,"index":107},"明恕","明达宽恕",23,{"term":109,"text":110,"index":111},"要","约束，要求",24,{"term":113,"text":114,"index":115},"间","离间，挑拨",25,{"term":117,"text":118,"index":119},"明信","明达诚信",26,{"term":121,"text":122,"index":123},"涧溪沼沚","山涧、小溪、池塘、小洲",27,{"term":125,"text":126,"index":127},"毛","草木",28,{"term":129,"text":130,"index":131},"蘋蘩","水草名",29,{"term":133,"text":130,"index":134},"蕴藻",30,{"term":136,"text":137,"index":138},"菜","野菜",31,{"term":140,"text":141,"index":142},"筐筥","竹器，筐是方的，筥是圆的",32,{"term":144,"text":145,"index":146},"錡釜","炊具，錡是有足的锅，釜是无足的锅",33,{"term":148,"text":149,"index":150},"器","器具",34,{"term":152,"text":153,"index":154},"潢污","积水",35,{"term":156,"text":157,"index":158},"行潦","路上的积水",36,{"term":160,"text":160,"index":161},"水",37,{"term":163,"text":164,"index":165},"荐","进献",38,{"term":167,"text":164,"index":168},"羞",39,{"term":170,"text":171,"index":172},"《采蘩》、《采蘋》","《诗经·召南》中的两首诗",40,{"term":174,"text":175,"index":176},"《行苇》、《泂酌》","《诗经·大雅》中的两首诗",41,{"term":178,"text":179,"index":180},"昭","显示，表明",42,[182,183,184],"郑武公、郑庄公是周平王的执政大臣。周平王对西虢公有二心，郑庄公怨恨周平王。周平王说：\"没有这回事。\"所以周王室和郑国互相交换人质。周平王的儿子狐到郑国做人质，郑庄公的儿子忽到周王室做人质。","周平王去世后，周王室的人准备把政权交给西虢公。四月，郑国的祭足率领军队夺取了温地的麦子。秋天，又夺取了成周的谷物。周王室和郑国关系恶化。","君子说：\"诚信不是发自内心，人质也没有用。明达宽恕地行事，用礼来约束，即使没有人质，谁能离间他们呢？如果有明达诚信，山涧小溪池塘小洲的草木，蘋蘩蕴藻等野菜，筐筥錡釜等器具，积水路上的水，都可以进献给鬼神，进献给王公，何况君子缔结两国的诚信，用礼来行事，又哪里用得着人质呢？《国风》有《采蘩》、《采蘋》，《大雅》有《行苇》、《泂酌》，都是表明忠信的啊。\"",[186,187,188],"本文记载的是春秋初期周王室与郑国之间的一场政治冲突。周平王东迁后，王室衰微，郑国作为周王室的同姓诸侯，世代担任卿士，掌握着周王室的军政大权。郑武公、郑庄公父子相继为周平王的执政大臣，权势很大。","周平王对郑庄公的专权感到不满，想要分权给西虢公，这引起了郑庄公的怨恨。为了缓和矛盾，双方交换人质，但这种方式并不能解决根本问题。周平王死后，周王室准备将政权交给西虢公，郑国立即采取报复行动，夺取周王室的粮食，双方关系彻底破裂。","这一事件反映了春秋初期\"礼崩乐坏\"的社会现实，周王室的权威已经衰落，诸侯国开始挑战王室的权威。",{"quotes":190,"overall":193,"features":197},[191,192],"清·吴楚材、吴调侯《古文观止》：\"通篇只就'信不由中'四字发挥，而周郑交质之无益，已自了然。\"","明·归有光《世宗实录》：\"此左氏议论之精者，言简而意深。\"",[194,195,196],"这篇文章虽然篇幅短小，但结构完整，层次分明。文章分为三个部分：第一部分叙述周郑交质的背景和过程；第二部分叙述交质后的结果；第三部分通过\"君子曰\"发表议论，点明文章的主旨。","文章的语言简洁明快，叙事清晰。特别是\"君子曰\"部分的议论，运用了大量的排比和对偶句式，如\"涧溪沼沚之毛，蘋蘩蕴藻之菜，筐筥錡釜之器，潢污行潦之水\"，读来朗朗上口，富有节奏感。","文章的主旨深刻，通过周郑交质这一具体事件，揭示了春秋时期礼制崩坏、诚信缺失的社会现实，强调了真正的诚信应该发自内心，而不是依靠外在的约束。",[198,199,200,201],"**结构严谨**：文章按照事件发展的顺序，从背景、过程到结果，再到议论，层次分明，逻辑清晰。","**语言精练**：全文仅百余字，但包含了丰富的内容，语言简洁有力，没有多余的修饰。","**议论深刻**：通过\"君子曰\"的形式，发表了对诚信问题的深刻见解，体现了作者的政治智慧。","**修辞优美**：运用排比、对偶等修辞手法，增强了文章的表现力和感染力。",[203],"左丘明（约前502一前422），春秋末期史学家。左丘明曾任鲁国史官，孔子编订六经，左丘明为解析六经之一《春秋》而著《左传》，亦著《国语》。《左传》《国语》两书记录不少西周、春秋的重要史事，史料翔实，文笔生动，具有很高的史学价值。左丘明是中国传统史学的创始人，被史学界推为中国史学的开山鼻祖，被誉为\"百家文字之宗，万世古文之祖\"\"文宗史圣\"\"经臣史祖\"，孔子、司马迁均尊左丘明为\"君子\"。","周郑交质 左丘明 卷一·周文一 郑武公¹、庄公²为平王³卿士⁴。王贰⁵于虢⁶，郑伯⁷怨王。王曰：\"无之。\"故周郑交质⁸。王子狐⁹为质¹⁰于郑，郑公子忽¹¹为质于周。 王崩¹²，周人将畀¹³虢公政¹⁴。四月，郑祭足¹⁵帅师¹⁶取温¹⁷之麦。秋，又取成周¹⁸之禾¹⁹。周郑交恶²⁰。 君子²¹曰：\"信不由中²²，质无益也。明恕²³而行，要²⁴之以礼，虽无有质，谁能间²⁵之？苟有明信²⁶，涧溪沼沚²⁷之毛²⁸，蘋蘩²⁹蕴藻³⁰之菜³¹，筐筥³²錡釜³³之器³⁴，潢污³⁵行潦³⁶之水³⁷，可荐³⁸于鬼神，可羞³⁹于王公，而况君子结二国之信，行之以礼，又焉用质？《风》有《采蘩》、《采蘋》⁴⁰，《雅》有《行苇》、《泂酌》⁴¹，昭⁴²忠信也。\" 郑武公、郑庄公是周平王的执政大臣。周平王对西虢公有二心，郑庄公怨恨周平王。周平王说：\"没有这回事。\"所以周王室和郑国互相交换人质。周平王的儿子狐到郑国做人质，郑庄公的儿子忽到周王室做人质。 周平王去世后，周王室的人准备把政权交给西虢公。四月，郑国的祭足率领军队夺取了温地的麦子。秋天，又夺取了成周的谷物。周王室和郑国关系恶化。 君子说：\"诚信不是发自内心，人质也没有用。明达宽恕地行事，用礼来约束，即使没有人质，谁能离间他们呢？如果有明达诚信，山涧小溪池塘小洲的草木，蘋蘩蕴藻等野菜，筐筥錡釜等器具，积水路上的水，都可以进献给鬼神，进献给王公，何况君子缔结两国的诚信，用礼来行事，又哪里用得着人质呢？《国风》有《采蘩》、《采蘋》，《大雅》有《行苇》、《泂酌》，都是表明忠信的啊。\"","2026-11-08T00:28:59.383Z","周鄭交質",[208,209,210],"鄭武公¹、莊公²爲平王³卿士⁴。王貳⁵於虢⁶，鄭伯⁷怨王。王曰：\"無之。\"故周鄭交質⁸。王子狐⁹爲質¹⁰於鄭，鄭公子忽¹¹爲質於周。","王崩¹²，周人將畀¹³虢公政¹⁴。四月，鄭祭足¹⁵帥師¹⁶取溫¹⁷之麥。秋，又取成周¹⁸之禾¹⁹。周鄭交惡²⁰。","君子²¹曰：\"信不由中²²，質無益也。明恕²³而行，要²⁴之以禮，雖無有質，誰能間²⁵之？苟有明信²⁶，澗溪沼沚²⁷之毛²⁸，蘋蘩²⁹蘊藻³⁰之菜³¹，筐筥³²錡釜³³之器³⁴，潢污³⁵行潦³⁶之水³⁷，可薦³⁸於鬼神，可羞³⁹於王公，而況君子結二國之信，行之以禮，又焉用質？《風》有《采蘩》、《採蘋》⁴⁰，《雅》有《行葦》、《泂酌》⁴¹，昭⁴²忠信也。\"",[212,213,214],"zhèng wǔ gōng ¹ 、 zhuāng gōng ² wèi píng wáng ³ qīng shì ⁴ 。 wáng èr ⁵ yú guó ⁶ ， zhèng bó ⁷ yuàn wáng 。 wáng yuē ： \" wú zhī 。 \" gù zhōu zhèng jiāo zhì ⁸ 。 wáng zǐ hú ⁹ wèi zhì ¹ ⁰ yú zhèng ， zhèng gōng zǐ hū ¹ ¹ wèi zhì yú zhōu 。","wáng bēng ¹ ² ， zhōu rén jiāng bì ¹ ³ guó gōng zhèng ¹ ⁴ 。 sì yuè ， zhèng jì zú ¹ ⁵ shuài shī ¹ ⁶ qǔ wēn ¹ ⁷ zhī mài 。 qiū ， yòu qǔ chéng zhōu ¹ ⁸ zhī hé ¹ ⁹ 。 zhōu zhèng jiāo wù ² ⁰ 。","jūn zǐ ² ¹ yuē ： \" xìn bù yóu zhōng ² ² ， zhì wú yì yě 。 míng shù ² ³ ér xíng ， yào ² ⁴ zhī yǐ lǐ ， suī wú yǒu zhì ， shuí néng jiān ² ⁵ zhī ？ gǒu yǒu míng xìn ² ⁶ ， jiàn xī zhǎo zhǐ ² ⁷ zhī máo ² ⁸ ， pín fán ² ⁹ yùn zǎo ³ ⁰ zhī cài ³ ¹ ， kuāng jǔ ³ ² qí fǔ ³ ³ zhī qì ³ ⁴ ， huáng wū ³ ⁵ xíng liáo ³ ⁶ zhī shuǐ ³ ⁷ ， kě jiàn ³ ⁸ yú guǐ shén ， kě xiū ³ ⁹ yú wáng gōng ， ér kuàng jūn zǐ jié èr guó zhī xìn ， xíng zhī yǐ lǐ ， yòu yān yòng zhì ？ 《 fēng 》 yǒu 《 cǎi fán 》 、 《 cǎi pín 》 ⁴ ⁰ ， 《 yǎ 》 yǒu 《 xíng wěi 》 、 《 jiǒng zhuó 》 ⁴ ¹ ， zhāo ⁴ ² zhōng xìn yě 。 \"",[216,219,222,224,226,228,229,232,235,237,240,242,244,246,248,250,253,256,258,260,263,265,267,269,271,274,276,279,280,281,283,284,286,288,289,291,293,294,297,298,301,304],{"term":217,"text":218,"index":19},"鄭武公","鄭國國君，名掘突，諡號武",{"term":220,"text":221,"index":23},"莊公","鄭莊公，名寤生，鄭武公之子",{"term":25,"text":223,"index":27},"周平王，名宜臼，東周第一代天子",{"term":29,"text":225,"index":31},"周王室的執政大臣",{"term":227,"text":34,"index":35},"貳",{"term":37,"text":38,"index":39},{"term":230,"text":231,"index":43},"鄭伯","指鄭莊公",{"term":233,"text":234,"index":47},"交質","互相交換人質",{"term":49,"text":236,"index":51},"周平王的兒子，名狐",{"term":238,"text":239,"index":55},"質","人質",{"term":57,"text":241,"index":59},"鄭莊公的兒子，名忽",{"term":61,"text":243,"index":63},"天子死稱崩",{"term":65,"text":245,"index":67},"給予，授予",{"term":69,"text":247,"index":71},"政權，執政",{"term":73,"text":249,"index":75},"鄭國大夫，字仲",{"term":251,"text":252,"index":79},"帥師","率領軍隊",{"term":254,"text":255,"index":83},"溫","地名，在今河南溫縣",{"term":85,"text":257,"index":87},"地名，在今河南洛陽",{"term":89,"text":259,"index":91},"穀物，糧食",{"term":261,"text":262,"index":95},"交惡","關係惡化，互相仇視",{"term":97,"text":264,"index":99},"道德高尚的人，這裏指作者",{"term":101,"text":266,"index":103},"誠信不是發自內心",{"term":105,"text":268,"index":107},"明達寬恕",{"term":109,"text":270,"index":111},"約束，要求",{"term":272,"text":273,"index":115},"間","離間，挑撥",{"term":117,"text":275,"index":119},"明達誠信",{"term":277,"text":278,"index":123},"澗溪沼沚","山澗、小溪、池塘、小洲",{"term":125,"text":126,"index":127},{"term":129,"text":130,"index":131},{"term":282,"text":130,"index":134},"蘊藻",{"term":136,"text":137,"index":138},{"term":140,"text":285,"index":142},"竹器，筐是方的，筥是圓的",{"term":144,"text":287,"index":146},"炊具，錡是有足的鍋，釜是無足的鍋",{"term":148,"text":149,"index":150},{"term":152,"text":290,"index":154},"積水",{"term":156,"text":292,"index":158},"路上的積水",{"term":160,"text":160,"index":161},{"term":295,"text":296,"index":165},"薦","進獻",{"term":167,"text":296,"index":168},{"term":299,"text":300,"index":172},"《采蘩》、《採蘋》","《詩經·召南》中的兩首詩",{"term":302,"text":303,"index":176},"《行葦》、《泂酌》","《詩經·大雅》中的兩首詩",{"term":178,"text":305,"index":180},"顯示，表明",[307,308,309],"鄭武公、鄭莊公是周平王的執政大臣。周平王對西虢公有二心，鄭莊公怨恨周平王。周平王說：\"沒有這回事。\"所以周王室和鄭國互相交換人質。周平王的兒子狐到鄭國做人質，鄭莊公的兒子忽到周王室做人質。","周平王去世後，周王室的人準備把政權交給西虢公。四月，鄭國的祭足率領軍隊奪取了溫地的麥子。秋天，又奪取了成周的穀物。周王室和鄭國關係惡化。","君子說：\"誠信不是發自內心，人質也沒有用。明達寬恕地行事，用禮來約束，即使沒有人質，誰能離間他們呢？如果有明達誠信，山澗小溪池塘小洲的草木，蘋蘩蘊藻等野菜，筐筥錡釜等器具，積水路上的水，都可以進獻給鬼神，進獻給王公，何況君子締結兩國的誠信，用禮來行事，又哪裏用得着人質呢？《國風》有《采蘩》、《採蘋》，《大雅》有《行葦》、《泂酌》，都是表明忠信的啊。\"",[311,312,313],"本文記載的是春秋初期周王室與鄭國之間的一場政治衝突。周平王東遷後，王室衰微，鄭國作爲周王室的同姓諸侯，世代擔任卿士，掌握着周王室的軍政大權。鄭武公、鄭莊公父子相繼爲周平王的執政大臣，權勢很大。","周平王對鄭莊公的專權感到不滿，想要分權給西虢公，這引起了鄭莊公的怨恨。爲了緩和矛盾，雙方交換人質，但這種方式並不能解決根本問題。周平王死後，周王室準備將政權交給西虢公，鄭國立即採取報復行動，奪取周王室的糧食，雙方關係徹底破裂。","這一事件反映了春秋初期\"禮崩樂壞\"的社會現實，周王室的權威已經衰落，諸侯國開始挑戰王室的權威。",{"overall":315,"features":319,"quotes":324},[316,317,318],"這篇文章雖然篇幅短小，但結構完整，層次分明。文章分爲三個部分：第一部分敘述周鄭交質的背景和過程；第二部分敘述交質後的結果；第三部分通過\"君子曰\"發表議論，點明文章的主旨。","文章的語言簡潔明快，敘事清晰。特別是\"君子曰\"部分的議論，運用了大量的排比和對偶句式，如\"澗溪沼沚之毛，蘋蘩蘊藻之菜，筐筥錡釜之器，潢污行潦之水\"，讀來朗朗上口，富有節奏感。","文章的主旨深刻，通過周鄭交質這一具體事件，揭示了春秋時期禮制崩壞、誠信缺失的社會現實，強調了真正的誠信應該發自內心，而不是依靠外在的約束。",[320,321,322,323],"**結構嚴謹**：文章按照事件發展的順序，從背景、過程到結果，再到議論，層次分明，邏輯清晰。","**語言精練**：全文僅百餘字，但包含了豐富的內容，語言簡潔有力，沒有多餘的修飾。","**議論深刻**：通過\"君子曰\"的形式，發表了對誠信問題的深刻見解，體現了作者的政治智慧。","**修辭優美**：運用排比、對偶等修辭手法，增強了文章的表現力和感染力。",[325,326],"清·吳楚材、吳調侯《古文觀止》：\"通篇只就'信不由中'四字發揮，而周鄭交質之無益，已自了然。\"","明·歸有光《世宗實錄》：\"此左氏議論之精者，言簡而意深。\"",[328],"左丘明（約前502一前422），春秋末期史學家。左丘明曾任魯國史官，孔子編訂六經，左丘明爲解析六經之一《春秋》而著《左傳》，亦著《國語》。《左傳》《國語》兩書記錄不少西周、春秋的重要史事，史料翔實，文筆生動，具有很高的史學價值。左丘明是中國傳統史學的創始人，被史學界推爲中國史學的開山鼻祖，被譽爲\"百家文字之宗，萬世古文之祖\"\"文宗史聖\"\"經臣史祖\"，孔子、司馬遷均尊左丘明爲\"君子\"。",{"id":330,"name":10,"nameTrad":10,"slug":331,"introduce":332,"dynasty":332},"z8pgmmp60yui66da9c6ddy4uu","zuo-qiu-ming",null,{"slug":334,"title":335,"sortOrder":19},"zheng-bo-ke-duan-yu-yan","郑伯克段于鄢",{"slug":337,"title":338,"sortOrder":27},"shi-que-jian-chong-zhou-xu","石碏谏宠州吁"]