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左丘明 卷二·周文二 公¹薨之月，子产相²郑伯以如晋³，晋侯以我丧故⁴，未之见也⁵。子产使尽坏⁶其馆之垣⁷，而纳车马焉⁸。\n士文伯让之⁹，曰：\"敝邑以政刑之不修¹⁰，寇盗充斥¹¹，无若诸侯之属¹²辱在寡君者何¹³，是以令吏人完客所馆¹⁴，高其闬闳¹⁵，厚其墙垣¹⁶，以无忧客使¹⁷。今吾子坏之¹⁸，虽从者能戒¹⁹，其若异客何²⁰？以敝邑之为盟主²¹，缮完²²葺墙²³，以待宾客²⁴。若皆毁之²⁵，其何以共命²⁶？寡君使匄请命²⁷。\" 对曰：\"以敝邑褊小²⁸，介于大国²⁹，诛求³⁰无时³¹，是以不敢宁居³²，悉索敝赋³³，以来会³⁴时事³⁵。逢执事之不闲³⁶，而未得见³⁷；又不获闻命³⁸，未知见时³⁹。不敢输币⁴⁰，亦不敢暴露⁴¹。其输之⁴²，则君之府实也⁴³，非荐陈⁴⁴之⁴⁵，不敢输也⁴⁶。其暴露之⁴⁷，则恐燥湿之不时⁴⁸而朽蠹⁴⁹，以重敝邑之罪⁵⁰。侨闻文公之为盟主也⁵¹，宫室卑庳⁵²，无观台⁵³榭⁵⁴，以崇大诸侯之馆⁵⁵，馆如公寝⁵⁶；库厩缮修⁵⁷，司空以时平易⁵⁸道路⁵⁹，圬人以时塓⁶⁰馆宫室⁶¹；诸侯宾至⁶²，甸设庭燎⁶³，仆人巡宫⁶⁴，车马有所⁶⁵，宾从有代⁶⁶，巾车脂辖⁶⁷，隶人⁶⁸、牧⁶⁹、圉⁷⁰，各瞻其事⁷¹；百官之属各展其物⁷²；公不留宾⁷³，而亦无废事⁷⁴；忧乐同之⁷⁵，事则巡之⁷⁶，教其不知⁷⁷，而恤其不足⁷⁸。宾至如归⁷⁹，无宁灾患⁸⁰；不畏寇盗⁸¹，而亦不患燥湿⁸²。今铜鞮之宫⁸³数里⁸⁴，而诸侯舍于隶人⁸⁵，门不容车⁸⁶，而不可逾越⁸⁷；盗贼公行⁸⁸。而天疠不戒⁸⁹。宾见无时⁹⁰，命不可知⁹¹。若又勿坏⁹²，是无所藏币⁹³以重罪也⁹⁴。敢请执事⁹⁵，将何所命之⁹⁶？虽君之有鲁丧⁹⁷，亦敝邑之忧也⁹⁸。若获荐币⁹⁹，修垣而行¹⁰⁰，君之惠也¹⁰¹，敢惮¹⁰²勤劳¹⁰³？\" 文伯复命¹⁰⁴。赵文子¹⁰⁵曰：\"信¹⁰⁶。我实不德¹⁰⁷，而以隶人之垣¹⁰⁸以赢诸侯¹⁰⁹，是吾罪也¹¹⁰。\"使士文伯谢不敏焉¹¹¹。 晋侯见郑伯¹¹²，有加礼¹¹³，厚其宴好¹¹⁴而归之¹¹⁵。乃筑诸侯之馆¹¹⁶。 叔向曰¹¹⁷：\"辞之不可以已也¹¹⁸如是夫¹¹⁹！子产有辞¹²⁰，诸侯赖之¹²¹，若之何其释辞也¹²²？《诗》曰¹²³：'辞之辑矣¹²⁴，民之协矣¹²⁵；辞之怿矣¹²⁶，民之莫矣¹²⁷。'其知之矣¹²⁸。\" 鲁襄公去世的月份，子产辅佐郑伯到晋国，晋侯因为我们有丧事的缘故，没有接见他。子产让完全毁坏那个客馆的围墙，而容纳车马在那里。 士文伯责备他，说：\"敝国因为政令刑罚不修明，盗贼充满，没有像诸侯属国屈辱在我们国君那里的人什么，因此命令官吏修缮客人所住的客馆，加高它的门闾，加厚它的围墙，来没有忧虑客人的使者。现在您毁坏它，虽然随从能够戒备，那像其他客人什么？因为敝国作为盟主，修缮完整修葺墙壁，来接待宾客。如果都毁坏它，那怎么供给使命？我们国君派匄请示。\" 回答说：\"因为敝国狭小，夹在大国之间，诛求没有时候，因此不敢安宁居住，全部索取敝国的财物，来朝会按时朝事。遇到执事没有空闲，而没有能够接见；又没有获得听到命令，不知道接见时间。不敢输送财币，也不敢暴露在外。如果输送它，那么是您府库的财物，不是进献陈列它，不敢输送。如果暴露在外，那么恐怕干燥潮湿不合时宜而朽坏虫蛀，来加重敝国的罪过。侨听说文公作为盟主，宫室低矮，没有观台榭，来高大诸侯的客馆，客馆像公室的寝室；仓库马厩修缮，司空按时平整道路，泥瓦匠按时涂抹客馆宫室；诸侯宾客到来，甸人设置庭中火炬，仆人巡视宫室，车马有地方，宾客随从有人代替，巾车润滑车轴，隶人、牧人、圉人，各自照看自己的事务；百官的属官各自展示自己的物品；国君不挽留宾客，而也没有荒废事务；忧愁快乐共同分享，事务就巡视它，教导他们不知道的，而体恤他们不足的。宾客到来像回家一样，没有灾患；不害怕盗贼，而也不担心干燥潮湿。现在铜鞮的宫殿数里，而诸侯居住在隶人那里，门不能容纳车，而不能够越过；盗贼公然横行。而天灾不戒备。宾客接见没有时间，命令不可以知道。如果又不毁坏，这是没有地方藏匿财币来加重罪过。敢请求执事，将要什么地方命令我们？虽然您有鲁国丧事，也是敝国的忧愁。如果获得进献财币，修葺围墙而离开，是您的恩惠，敢害怕勤劳？\" 文伯复命。赵文子说：\"确实。我确实没有德行，而用隶人的围墙来接待诸侯，这是我的罪过。\"派士文伯道歉不敏。 晋侯接见郑伯，有加礼，厚待他的宴请友好而送他回去。于是建造诸侯的客馆。 叔向说：\"辞令不可以停止像这样啊！子产有辞令，诸侯依赖他，像这怎么放弃辞令？《诗经》说：'辞令和谐了，民众协和了；辞令愉悦了，民众安定了。'他知道这个道理了。\"","2026-11-08T00:28:59.383Z","子產壞晉館垣",[557,558,559,560,561],"公¹薨之月，子產相²鄭伯以如晉³，晉侯以我喪故⁴，未之見也⁵。子產使盡壞⁶其館之垣⁷，而納車馬焉⁸。\n士文伯讓之⁹，曰：\"敝邑以政刑之不修¹⁰，寇盜充斥¹¹，無若諸侯之屬¹²辱在寡君者何¹³，是以令吏人完客所館¹⁴，高其閈閎¹⁵，厚其牆垣¹⁶，以無憂客使¹⁷。今吾子壞之¹⁸，雖從者能戒¹⁹，其若異客何²⁰？以敝邑之爲盟主²¹，繕完²²葺牆²³，以待賓客²⁴。若皆毀之²⁵，其何以共命²⁶？寡君使匄請命²⁷。\"","對曰：\"以敝邑褊小²⁸，介於大國²⁹，誅求³⁰無時³¹，是以不敢寧居³²，悉索敝賦³³，以來會³⁴時事³⁵。逢執事之不閒³⁶，而未得見³⁷；又不獲聞命³⁸，未知見時³⁹。不敢輸幣⁴⁰，亦不敢暴露⁴¹。其輸之⁴²，則君之府實也⁴³，非薦陳⁴⁴之⁴⁵，不敢輸也⁴⁶。其暴露之⁴⁷，則恐燥溼之不時⁴⁸而朽蠹⁴⁹，以重敝邑之罪⁵⁰。僑聞文公之爲盟主也⁵¹，宮室卑庳⁵²，無觀臺⁵³榭⁵⁴，以崇大諸侯之館⁵⁵，館如公寢⁵⁶；庫廄繕修⁵⁷，司空以時平易⁵⁸道路⁵⁹，圬人以時塓⁶⁰館宮室⁶¹；諸侯賓至⁶²，甸設庭燎⁶³，僕人巡宮⁶⁴，車馬有所⁶⁵，賓從有代⁶⁶，巾車脂轄⁶⁷，隸人⁶⁸、牧⁶⁹、圉⁷⁰，各瞻其事⁷¹；百官之屬各展其物⁷²；公不留賓⁷³，而亦無廢事⁷⁴；憂樂同之⁷⁵，事則巡之⁷⁶，教其不知⁷⁷，而恤其不足⁷⁸。賓至如歸⁷⁹，無寧災患⁸⁰；不畏寇盜⁸¹，而亦不患燥溼⁸²。今銅鞮之宮⁸³數里⁸⁴，而諸侯舍於隸人⁸⁵，門不容車⁸⁶，而不可逾越⁸⁷；盜賊公行⁸⁸。而天癘不戒⁸⁹。賓見無時⁹⁰，命不可知⁹¹。若又勿壞⁹²，是無所藏幣⁹³以重罪也⁹⁴。敢請執事⁹⁵，將何所命之⁹⁶？雖君之有魯喪⁹⁷，亦敝邑之憂也⁹⁸。若獲薦幣⁹⁹，修垣而行¹⁰⁰，君之惠也¹⁰¹，敢憚¹⁰²勤勞¹⁰³？\"","文伯覆命¹⁰⁴。趙文子¹⁰⁵曰：\"信¹⁰⁶。我實不德¹⁰⁷，而以隸人之垣¹⁰⁸以贏諸侯¹⁰⁹，是吾罪也¹¹⁰。\"使士文伯謝不敏焉¹¹¹。","晉侯見鄭伯¹¹²，有加禮¹¹³，厚其宴好¹¹⁴而歸之¹¹⁵。乃築諸侯之館¹¹⁶。","叔向曰¹¹⁷：\"辭之不可以已也¹¹⁸如是夫¹¹⁹！子產有辭¹²⁰，諸侯賴之¹²¹，若之何其釋辭也¹²²？《詩》曰¹²³：'辭之輯矣¹²⁴，民之協矣¹²⁵；辭之懌矣¹²⁶，民之莫矣¹²⁷。'其知之矣¹²⁸。\"",[563,564,565,566,567],"gōng ¹ hōng zhī yuè ， zǐ chǎn xiāng ² zhèng bó yǐ rú jìn ³ ， jìn hóu yǐ wǒ sàng gù ⁴ ， wèi zhī jiàn yě ⁵ 。 zǐ chǎn shǐ jìn huài ⁶ qí guǎn zhī yuán ⁷ ， ér nà chē mǎ yān ⁸ 。 \n shì wén bó ràng zhī ⁹ ， yuē ： \" bì yì yǐ zhèng xíng zhī bù xiū ¹ ⁰ ， kòu dào chōng chì ¹ ¹ ， wú ruò zhū hóu zhī shǔ ¹ ² rǔ zài guǎ jūn zhě hé ¹ ³ ， shì yǐ lìng lì rén wán kè suǒ guǎn ¹ ⁴ ， gāo qí hàn hóng ¹ ⁵ ， hòu qí qiáng yuán ¹ ⁶ ， yǐ wú yōu kè shǐ ¹ ⁷ 。 jīn wú zǐ huài zhī ¹ ⁸ ， suī cóng zhě néng jiè ¹ ⁹ ， qí ruò yì kè hé ² ⁰ ？ yǐ bì yì zhī wèi méng zhǔ ² ¹ ， shàn wán ² ² qì qiáng ² ³ ， yǐ dài bīn kè ² ⁴ 。 ruò jiē huǐ zhī ² ⁵ ， qí hé yǐ gòng mìng ² ⁶ ？ guǎ jūn shǐ gài qǐng mìng ² ⁷ 。 \"","duì yuē ： \" yǐ bì yì biǎn xiǎo ² ⁸ ， jiè yú dà guó ² ⁹ ， zhū qiú ³ ⁰ wú shí ³ ¹ ， shì yǐ bù gǎn níng jū ³ ² ， xī suǒ bì fù ³ ³ ， yǐ lái huì ³ ⁴ shí shì ³ ⁵ 。 féng zhí shì zhī bù xián ³ ⁶ ， ér wèi dé jiàn ³ ⁷ ； yòu bú huò wén mìng ³ ⁸ ， wèi zhī jiàn shí ³ ⁹ 。 bù gǎn shū bì ⁴ ⁰ ， yì bù gǎn bào lù ⁴ ¹ 。 qí shū zhī ⁴ ² ， zé jūn zhī fǔ shí yě ⁴ ³ ， fēi jiàn chén ⁴ ⁴ zhī ⁴ ⁵ ， bù gǎn shū yě ⁴ ⁶ 。 qí bào lù zhī ⁴ ⁷ ， zé kǒng zào shī zhī bù shí ⁴ ⁸ ér xiǔ dù ⁴ ⁹ ， yǐ zhòng bì yì zhī zuì ⁵ ⁰ 。 qiáo wén wén gōng zhī wèi méng zhǔ yě ⁵ ¹ ， gōng shì bēi bì ⁵ ² ， wú guān tái ⁵ ³ xiè ⁵ ⁴ ， yǐ chóng dà zhū hóu zhī guǎn ⁵ ⁵ ， guǎn rú gōng qǐn ⁵ ⁶ ； kù jiù shàn xiū ⁵ ⁷ ， sī kōng yǐ shí píng yì ⁵ ⁸ dào lù ⁵ ⁹ ， wū rén yǐ shí mì ⁶ ⁰ guǎn gōng shì ⁶ ¹ ； zhū hóu bīn zhì ⁶ ² ， diàn shè tíng liáo ⁶ ³ ， pú rén xún gōng ⁶ ⁴ ， chē mǎ yǒu suǒ ⁶ ⁵ ， bīn cóng yǒu dài ⁶ ⁶ ， jīn chē zhī xiá ⁶ ⁷ ， lì rén ⁶ ⁸ 、 mù ⁶ ⁹ 、 yǔ ⁷ ⁰ ， gè zhān qí shì ⁷ ¹ ； bǎi guān zhī shǔ gè zhǎn qí wù ⁷ ² ； gōng bù liú bīn ⁷ ³ ， ér yì wú fèi shì ⁷ ⁴ ； yōu lè tóng zhī ⁷ ⁵ ， shì zé xún zhī ⁷ ⁶ ， jiào qí bù zhī ⁷ ⁷ ， ér xù qí bù zú ⁷ ⁸ 。 bīn zhì rú guī ⁷ ⁹ ， wú níng zāi huàn ⁸ ⁰ ； bú wèi kòu dào ⁸ ¹ ， ér yì bú huàn zào shī ⁸ ² 。 jīn tóng dī zhī gōng ⁸ ³ shù lǐ ⁸ ⁴ ， ér zhū hóu shè yú lì rén ⁸ ⁵ ， mén bù róng chē ⁸ ⁶ ， ér bù kě yú yuè ⁸ ⁷ ； dào zéi gōng xíng ⁸ ⁸ 。 ér tiān lì bú jiè ⁸ ⁹ 。 bīn jiàn wú shí ⁹ ⁰ ， mìng bù kě zhī ⁹ ¹ 。 ruò yòu wù huài ⁹ ² ， shì wú suǒ cáng bì ⁹ ³ yǐ zhòng zuì yě ⁹ ⁴ 。 gǎn qǐng zhí shì ⁹ ⁵ ， jiāng hé suǒ mìng zhī ⁹ ⁶ ？ suī jūn zhī yǒu lǔ sàng ⁹ ⁷ ， yì bì yì zhī yōu yě ⁹ ⁸ 。 ruò huò jiàn bì ⁹ ⁹ ， xiū yuán ér xíng ¹ ⁰ ⁰ ， jūn zhī huì yě ¹ ⁰ ¹ ， gǎn dàn ¹ ⁰ ² qín láo ¹ ⁰ ³ ？ \"","wén bó fù mìng ¹ ⁰ ⁴ 。 zhào wén zǐ ¹ ⁰ ⁵ yuē ： \" xìn ¹ ⁰ ⁶ 。 wǒ shí bù dé ¹ ⁰ ⁷ ， ér yǐ lì rén zhī yuán ¹ ⁰ ⁸ yǐ yíng zhū hóu ¹ ⁰ ⁹ ， shì wú zuì yě ¹ ¹ ⁰ 。 \" shǐ shì wén bó xiè bù mǐn yān ¹ ¹ ¹ 。","jìn hóu jiàn zhèng bó ¹ ¹ ² ， yǒu jiā lǐ ¹ ¹ ³ ， hòu qí yàn hǎo ¹ ¹ ⁴ ér guī zhī ¹ ¹ ⁵ 。 nǎi zhù zhū hóu zhī guǎn ¹ ¹ ⁶ 。","shū xiàng yuē ¹ ¹ ⁷ ： \" cí zhī bù kě yǐ yǐ yě ¹ ¹ ⁸ rú shì fū ¹ ¹ ⁹ ！ zǐ chǎn yǒu cí ¹ ² ⁰ ， zhū hóu lài zhī ¹ ² ¹ ， ruò zhī hé qí shì cí yě ¹ ² ² ？ 《 shī 》 yuē ¹ ² ³ ： ' cí zhī jí yǐ ¹ ² ⁴ ， mín zhī xié yǐ ¹ ² ⁵ ； cí zhī yì yǐ ¹ ² ⁶ ， mín zhī mò yǐ ¹ ² ⁷ 。 ' qí zhī zhī yǐ ¹ ² ⁸ 。 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觀止》：\"子產壞晉館垣，言外交之要，可謂外交家的智慧。\"","明·歸有光《世宗實錄》：\"此左氏議論之精者，言外交之要，可爲後世法。\"",[937],"左丘明（約前502一前422），春秋末期史學家。左丘明曾任魯國史官，孔子編訂六經，左丘明爲解析六經之一《春秋》而著《左傳》，亦著《國語》。《左傳》《國語》兩書記錄不少西周、春秋的重要史事，史料翔實，文筆生動，具有很高的史學價值。左丘明是中國傳統史學的創始人，被史學界推爲中國史學的開山鼻祖，被譽爲\"百家文字之宗，萬世古文之祖\"\"文宗史聖\"\"經臣史祖\"，孔子、司馬遷均尊左丘明爲\"君子\"。",{"id":939,"name":10,"nameTrad":10,"slug":940,"introduce":941,"dynasty":941},"z8pgmmp60yui66da9c6ddy4uu","zuo-qiu-ming",null,{"slug":943,"title":944,"sortOrder":57},"ji-zha-guan-zhou-le","季札观周乐"]