[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"poem-cao-cao-xie-lu-xing":3,"favorite-cao-cao-xie-lu-xing":139},{"poem":4,"related":78},{"id":5,"slug":6,"title":7,"titleTrad":7,"titleSlug":8,"titlePinyin":9,"titlePinyinFlat":10,"paragraphs":11,"paragraphsTrad":20,"paragraphsPinyin":21,"annotation":30,"annotationTrad":38,"translation":39,"translationTrad":39,"appreciation":40,"appreciationTrad":40,"isOrderliness":41,"category":42,"searchText":43,"visits":44,"createdAt":45,"updatedAt":46,"authorId":47,"dynastyId":48,"author":49,"dynasty":66,"tags":67},"cmw4qaf380dg2fia5ouxq0tr9","cao-cao-xie-lu-xing","薤露行","xie-lu-xing","xiè lù xíng","xie lu xing",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19],"惟汉廿二世，所任诚不良。","沐猴而冠带，知小而谋疆。","犹豫不敢断，因狩执君王。","白虹为贯日，己亦先受殃。","贼臣持国柄，杀主灭宇京。","荡覆帝基业，宗庙以燔丧。","播越西迁移，号泣而且行。","瞻彼洛城郭，微子为哀伤。",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19],[22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29],"wéi hàn niàn èr shì ， suǒ rèn chéng bù liáng 。","mù hóu ér guān dài ， zhī xiǎo ér móu jiāng 。","yóu yù bù gǎn duàn ， yīn shòu zhí jūn wáng 。","bái hóng wèi guàn rì ， jǐ yì xiān shòu yāng 。","zéi chén chí guó bǐng ， shā zhǔ miè yǔ jīng 。","dàng fù dì jī yè ， zōng miào yǐ fán sàng 。","bō yuè xī qiān yí ， hào qì ér qiě xíng 。","zhān bǐ luò chéng guō ， wēi zǐ wèi āi shāng 。",{"因狩":31,"宇京":32,"微子":33,"播越":34,"燔丧":35,"廿二世":36,"白虹贯日":37},"趁着皇帝（汉少帝刘辩）在战乱中逃离（或指董卓假借护驾之名）。","国都洛阳。","商纣王的庶兄，见纣王无道，离去。周武王灭商后，微子哀叹国家灭亡。这里借微子之典，表达诗人对汉朝灭亡的哀痛。","流离迁徙。","焚毁而丧失。","二十二位皇帝（实为二十三位，指汉灵帝刘宏）。","白色长虹穿过太阳。古代认为是一种凶兆，预示有兵乱、大臣弑君或国家将亡。",{"因狩":31,"宇京":32,"微子":33,"播越":34,"燔丧":35,"廿二世":36,"白虹贯日":37},"汉朝传到第二十二代皇帝，所任用的人确实非常不良。\n那些人就像猴子戴上了帽子衣带，见识浅薄却要图谋大事业。\n朝廷犹豫不决，不敢果断处理，于是董卓就趁机控制了君王。\n就像白虹贯日这样的凶兆出现，董卓自己也必将首先遭受灾殃。\n奸臣董卓窃取了国家大权，杀害了皇帝，焚毁了京城洛阳。\n彻底颠覆了汉朝的帝王基业，祖宗的宗庙也被焚烧殆尽。\n（汉献帝）被迫向西迁移，一路上边哭泣边艰难行走。\n回首遥望那洛阳城郭，我的哀伤就像当年微子一样深重。","《薤露行》是曹操早期的一首重要的政治抒情诗，属于乐府诗。此诗借用汉乐府《薤露》的旧题，但内容完全是借古讽今，直抒胸臆，批判了汉末朝政的腐败和董卓乱政的罪行，表达了作者对汉室衰微的深切忧虑和对乱臣贼子的愤慨。\n诗歌开篇即点明时代背景：“惟汉廿二世，所任诚不良。”直接指出汉灵帝（廿二世实指廿三世）用人不当，为东汉末年的乱局埋下伏笔。接着，“沐猴而冠带，知小而谋疆”以辛辣的讽刺，形象地描绘了董卓这类奸臣的丑恶嘴脸：徒有外表，却无真才实学，反而野心勃勃。\n“犹豫不敢断，因狩执君王”揭示了朝廷的软弱无能，未能及时阻止董卓的崛起，最终导致皇帝被挟持。这既是对当时掌权者的批评，也暗示了曹操对果断决策的推崇。\n“白虹为贯日，己亦先受殃”一句，既是引述古代灾异学说，预示董卓的倒行逆施必将自食恶果，也寄寓了作者对董卓垮台的期望和诅咒。\n随后，诗歌笔锋一转，直接揭露董卓的滔天罪行：“贼臣持国柄，杀主灭宇京。荡覆帝基业，宗庙以燔丧。”“杀主”、“灭宇京”、“荡覆帝基业”、“宗庙以燔丧”等一连串动词，语调激昂，充满愤怒，概括了董卓废少帝、毒少帝、焚洛阳、迁献帝等一系列罪行，深刻揭示了董卓对汉室社稷造成的毁灭性打击。\n“播越西迁移，号泣而且行”描绘了汉献帝被董卓挟持西迁长安的悲惨景象。皇帝作为国家的象征，流离失所，号泣西行，极大地冲击了人们对汉室正统的信仰，也凸显了乱世的悲剧。\n最后两句“瞻彼洛城郭，微子为哀伤”，诗人将自己的情感投射到历史人物微子身上。微子是殷商的贤臣，见国家将亡而痛心。曹操借此典故，表达了自己对故都洛阳被毁、汉室江山飘摇的深切哀伤和担忧，也暗含了自己挽救危局、匡扶汉室的抱负。\n总体来看，这首诗语言质朴自然，情感真挚激越。它不仅是曹操早期对时局的深刻洞察和强烈批判，也展现了他作为政治家的远见和忧国忧民的情怀。诗中对奸臣的鞭挞和对汉室衰亡的痛惜，为他日后统一北方、重建秩序的政治抱负奠定了情感基础。作为乐府诗，此诗在继承传统的同时，注入了鲜明的时代内容和个人情感，开启了建安文学“慷慨悲歌”的先河。",true,"","薤露行 惟汉廿二世，所任诚不良。 沐猴而冠带，知小而谋疆。 犹豫不敢断，因狩执君王。 白虹为贯日，己亦先受殃。 贼臣持国柄，杀主灭宇京。 荡覆帝基业，宗庙以燔丧。 播越西迁移，号泣而且行。 瞻彼洛城郭，微子为哀伤。 曹操 xie lu xing wei han nian er shi ， suo ren cheng bu liang 。 mu hou er guan dai ， zhi xiao er mou jiang 。 you yu bu gan duan ， yin shou zhi jun wang 。 bai hong wei guan ri ， ji yi xian shou yang 。 zei chen chi guo bing ， sha zhu mie yu jing 。 dang fu di ji ye ， zong miao yi fan sang 。 bo yue xi qian yi ， hao qi er qie xing 。 zhan bi luo cheng guo ， wei zi wei ai shang 。",2,"2026-11-06T08:44:25.700Z","2026-11-06T08:44:25.699Z","cmw4qaf0d0de4fia5bf8sujcx","cmw4qaf0d0de2fia5swya0t8b",{"id":47,"name":50,"nameTrad":50,"pinyin":51,"pinyinFlat":52,"slug":53,"birthDate":54,"deathDate":54,"introduce":54,"epithets":55,"epithetsTrad":56,"style":42,"styleTrad":42,"visits":57,"createdAt":58,"updatedAt":59,"dynastyId":48,"dynasty":60},"曹操","cáo cāo","cao cao","cao-cao",null,[],[],0,"2026-11-06T08:44:25.598Z","2026-11-06T08:44:25.703Z",{"id":48,"name":61,"nameTrad":61,"pinyin":62,"pinyinFlat":63,"slug":64,"createdAt":65,"updatedAt":65},"东汉末年","dōng hàn mò nián","dong han mo nian","dong-han-mo-nian","2026-11-06T08:44:25.597Z",{"id":48,"name":61,"nameTrad":61,"pinyin":62,"pinyinFlat":63,"slug":64,"createdAt":65,"updatedAt":65},[68,70,72,74,76],{"name":69,"slug":69},"乐府",{"name":71,"slug":71},"诗",{"name":73,"slug":73},"讽刺",{"name":75,"slug":75},"政治",{"name":77,"slug":77},"乱世",[79,89,99,109,119,129],{"id":80,"slug":81,"title":82,"titlePinyin":83,"paragraphs":84,"author":87},"cmw4qaf3c0dg4fia5bjp11sck","cao-cao-yao-su-ci","谣俗词","yáo sú cí",[85,86],"瓮中无斗储，发箧无尺缯。","友来从我贷，不知所以应。",{"name":50,"slug":53,"dynasty":88},{"name":61,"slug":64},{"id":90,"slug":91,"title":92,"titlePinyin":93,"paragraphs":94,"author":97},"cmw4qaf2z0dfxfia5dfwngvhd","cao-cao-tang-shang-xing","塘上行","táng shàng xíng",[95,96],"蒲生我池中，其叶何离离。","傍能行仁义，莫若妾自知。",{"name":50,"slug":53,"dynasty":98},{"name":61,"slug":64},{"id":100,"slug":101,"title":102,"titlePinyin":103,"paragraphs":104,"author":107},"cmw4qaf2q0dfsfia59zjo4p80","cao-cao-shan-zai-xing-qi-yi","善哉行・其一","shàn zāi xíng  qí yī",[105,106],"古公亶甫，积德垂仁。","思弘一道，哲王于豳。",{"name":50,"slug":53,"dynasty":108},{"name":61,"slug":64},{"id":110,"slug":111,"title":112,"titlePinyin":113,"paragraphs":114,"author":117},"cmw4qaf2h0dflfia5bpsbz0nq","cao-cao-shan-zai-xing-qi-san","善哉行・其三","shàn zāi xíng  qí sān",[115,116],"朝日乐相乐，酣饮不知醉。","悲弦激新声，长笛吹清气。",{"name":50,"slug":53,"dynasty":118},{"name":61,"slug":64},{"id":120,"slug":121,"title":122,"titlePinyin":123,"paragraphs":124,"author":127},"cmw4qaf2b0dfefia5npkpbz8i","cao-cao-shan-zai-xing-qi-er","善哉行・其二","shàn zāi xíng  qí èr",[125,126],"自惜身薄祜，夙贱罹孤苦。","既无三徙教，不闻过庭语。",{"name":50,"slug":53,"dynasty":128},{"name":61,"slug":64},{"id":130,"slug":131,"title":132,"titlePinyin":133,"paragraphs":134,"author":137},"cmw4qaf280dfcfia5rwztwul2","cao-cao-que-dong-xi-men-xing","却东西门行","què dōng xī mén xíng",[135,136],"鸿雁出塞北，乃在无人乡。","举翅万馀里，行止自成行。",{"name":50,"slug":53,"dynasty":138},{"name":61,"slug":64},{"favorited":140},false]